History of Duck connected

Creation

the Duck connected was created the September 10th 1915 counteracts about it the censure of the press, the official Propagande and the Bourrage of cranium imposed by the war and its difficulties.

Contrary to a tough legend it is not a newspaper composed by Poilus, a newspaper of the Tranchées, like Crapouillot of Jean Galtier-Boissière. It will start really only the July 5th 1916, after the failure of a premature launching, and announces like “ alive, clean and free ”.

It will attack “ with the war, the censure, the politicians, the racketeers, the priests, the capacity, the guillotine ” like with the outrageant warmongering of the heroes of the back (academician S, leader-writers of the large press) who fight with the blood of the others. The weapon chosen by the newspaper is the “ to laugh ”.

It is the only usable one vis-a-vis the Censure military and political with which the newspaper continues a Homeric combat and crafty one, illustrated episodes désopilants. Certain times, the pages of the newspaper are literally perforated white. To escape “ Anastasie ” (character which symbolizes the Censure) the journalists use a language coded: antiphrases, denials which are worth confirmations, sentences with back, etc, short a whole arsenal which makes of the reader an initiate, almost an accomplice.

Besides they are committed as of its first edition publishing only rigorously false information. Although it is not a “ newspaper of distinct ”, it has success in the trenches… (when it is not prohibited there).

It is for the Poilus, a laughter avenger and consolator, the newspaper of the PCDF: with the choice “ the poor idiots of the face ”, “ the poor combatants of the face ”, “ the poor idiots of French ”, “ the taxpaying poor of France ”.

During its launching, a deep community of spirit existed between the Duck and the world of the Cabaret, the review and the humorous or satirical song " montmatrois " (Montmartre).

The interval

Feathers like Anatole France, Jean Galtier-Boissière, Paul Valiant-Dressmaker, Henri Béraud, Raymond Radiguet, Tristan Bernard, Jean Cocteau, Pierre Mac Orlan, Lucien Descaves or Roland Dorgelès collaborate in it, as well as draftsmen as famous as Lucien Laforge and Henri-Paul Deyvaux-Gassier.

Pacifist (almost “ pro-inhabitant of Munich ” in 1938), cultivating a Antimilitarism combined of a Anticlericalism of good quality, the Duck has some difficulties (in particular financial) of being reconverted into peace, after the Armistice of 1918. It develops nevertheless until reaching 250  000 specimens of pulling at the time of the Popular front which it supports nevertheless by denouncing the rise of the totalitarian modes.

The Inter-war period is one period of disappointments and illusions. It appears, through Duck the decomposition of the mode, undermined by the scandals, in particular the suicide of Stavisky, following the Affaire Stavisky (one of the most famous cuffs: " Stavisky committed suicide of a ball which was drawn to him with end portant"), then rise of the war.

In 1936, Leon Blum decides for non-intervention in Spain. On this decision, following the example French left, the journalists of Duck like Pierre Bénard, or Jean Galtier-Boissière express divergent opinions.

The irony of the newspaper breaks out and becomes often lampoonist with the wild feather of the Henri Jeanson, Jules Rivet or Alfred Modeste-God.

The Second world war

The newspaper runs up against the return of the censure. It is one of the rare newspapers to be scuttled during the Occupation in 1940, refusing all Collaboration.

It reappears the September 6th 1944. (" For the French, the war will be finished when they can read the Canard connected . " affirm Luc Jardy, character interpreted by Paul Meurisse in the film " the Army of the shades " of Jean-Pierre Melville). Its first number had a success without precedent.

Maurice Maréchal is deceased in 1942. His wife, Jeanne Marshal, takes again the direction of the weekly magazine with Ernest Reynaud, Gabriel Macé, Roger Fressoz, Yvan Audouard, Morvan Lebesque, the draftsmen Lap, Escaro.

The war of Algeria

At the time of the War of Algeria, the newspaper is directed towards the journalism of investigation. It does not have the means of maintaining a permanent correspondent on the spot, but has two information sources: national servicemen who inform it directly and military sources, policies and administrative in metropolis. The authorities, in particular, seek to identify the writers of the log books of the friend Bidasse . This heading depicts without anything kasher since August 1956 the daily newspaper soldiers engaged in the war. In its number of May 6th, 1959, the newspaper takes pleasure to report the investigations of the psychological service of Xe military region. The officers in charge of research classify the suspects as “BE” (“bidasse possible”), or “a BP” (“bidasse probable”).

The leading line of the newspaper is directed towards the denunciation of all the extremes. The Duck is favorable to independent Algeria (it will support even de Gaulle with each time this one taken a step towards independence), and does not hesitate to be caught some to the land great landowners, with these “large colonists” who know a great prosperity in colonial Algeria. However, starting from various testimonys received with the drafting, it organizes in its columns of the fictitious debates where each one, whatever its position, has its place. In the same way, “the drafting taken as a whole examined a great resistance for Algerian resistance”. The newspaper thus takes its distances with initiatives such as the Manifeste of the 121.

This independence does not guarantee however to the newspaper a protection with respect to the pressures coming from the government. It must use then of subterfuges. Thus in March 1958, it malicieusement circumvents the administatives obstacles with its leading freedom. At the beginning of this month, the government of Strong Felix, under the pressure of Jean Dides, made seize two weekly magazines: France Observer, for an article of Andre Philip on the bombardment by the French aviation of the Tunisian village of Sakiet, and the Express train, for an article of Jean-Paul Sartre on torture (in connection with the book of Henri Alleg, the Question ). The two newspapers last, to reappear, eliminate these two articles. The Duck publishes them in the form of photocopy with the tiny, but readable characters. The two articles are simply striped of a cross and are preceded by a hat which seemed to disapprove.

This skilful policy enables him to know only two administrative seizures before May 13rd, 1958. Robert Lacoste, proconsul with Algiers, explains the reasons of this leniency: “I do not want to pass for an idiot”. However, the numbers from July 13rd to 30th 1958 are seized, just as those published of August 27th and of September 10th.

This new orientation makes it possible the newspaper to see its diffusion reaching 300.000 specimens in 1962.

The Sixties

The newspaper packs and increases its pagination as from the Sixties. It preserves its guiding line and to answer the aspirations of the public, it endeavors to develop a style different from conformism and little of curiosity of the press of the time.

The arrival of the Général de Gaulle in 1958 gives a new dash to the newspaper with the creation of the heading “ the Court ”, by Roger Fressoz (Andre Ribaud), representing the Elys3ee palace of Charles de Gaulle like new a Versailles monarchist.

Years 70,80,90

In the asses 1970, the newspaper will evolve to the journalism of investigation by denouncing the Scandale S policies and economic. The weekly magazine revealed many these scandals, faithful to its formula “ Fou of the king and parapet of the Republic ” (Roger Fressoz): business of the “micro '' ''”, Diamond S of Giscard, sheets of tax of Chaban-Delmas, Jacques Calvet (chairman of Peugeot), truth-false report/ratio of Xavière Tiberi, scandal of HLM, Crossroads of the development, Urba - Gracco, Pechiney and Patrice Pelat…

The Nineties

The newspaper evolves/moves in the Années 1990. Changes of importance intervene with the head of the newspaper following the death of Gabriel Macé. In 1992, Roger Fressoz leaves the direction and leaves the hand to Michel Gaillard. Jean Clémentin, Roland Bacri, Alain Grandremy move away gradually from the newspaper to leave room to new signatures: Nicolas Beautiful, Jean-Luc Porquet, Herve Martin, Herve Liffran… the team accommodates also new draftsmen: Brito, Lefred-Thouron, Pétillon.

The current location

Its current editor associations is Claude Angeli and Érik Emptaz. With 406.488 sold specimens on average each week (" Accounts of Duck in 2006" in Canard Enchaîné, August 29th, 2007), the “bird” released a slightly positive exercise in 2004. It costs little to manufacture: eight pages large size, drawings, and takes into account a hundred employees, including the Pigiste S.

The sale-records are those of the May 13rd 1981 (1,2 million), that of the sheet of tax of Marcel Dassault (1979, 778  000), of the “ Diamond S ” of Giscard (1979, 900  000) or of the “ micro S ” (December 1973, 1 million).

draftsmen and caricaturists of the Duck

(nonexhaustive list)

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