For a summary of the history of Uruguay, to refer to the article Uruguay.
Prehistory and time précolombienne
The first traces of human life are locatable by the first lithic industries dating from the higher Paléolithique located in the north of the country. The populations were then very wandering because of different the Glaciation s.During the Neolithic , the end of the last glaciation pushed the wandering small groups (Charrúa, Chana, Minuane, Bohane, Guenoa, Yaro and Guaraní) sédentariser and to forsake the most arid areas and to populate the fertile islands of the Río Uruguay. The men would then have started to effectively cut the stones to make Outil S of them then towards - 6.000 years, to organize itself in sedentary groups of a score of individuals manufacturing of the Tumulus of ground which can reach of 40 m Diamètre and 2 to 7 m in height. These tumulus could then be used of burial for deaths (individual tomb or collective), of cultivable zones or Tour of guet to protect itself.
Finally the people Charrúas and Guaraní dissociate other groups and are the first which one can indicate by “people” because the number of individuals is significant. One since found the marks of the advanced culture of these sinning people and farmers with various Céramique S. Nevertheless, we do not know almost anything of these people - if not that they were hostile one towards the other - since they did not know the writing, the only elements Archéologique S being their tools and their habitats.
The arrival of Europeans
The Charrúas are the only inhabitants of the area on arrival of the Européens. It is about a small tribe pushed back by the guaranís. The Conquistador be Spanish of Juan Díaz de Solís discover this zone in 1516. In 1527, Sebastián Gaboto, under the orders of the kingdom of Spain, built a extremely in the mouth of the river San Salvador. Then the May 30th 1574, Juan Ortiz de Zárate builds, near the ruins of this fort destroyed meanwhile by Charruas, the first city being also called San Salvador. In 1603, the Spaniards introduce cattle in Uruguay to try to develop the local economy but the absence of Or and money, combined with the strong resistance of Charruas dissuades Europeans to settle there during the 16th century and the 17th century.In 1624 of the missionaries Jesuits base a Réduction ( reducción ) on the edge of the Río Negro, almost with the junction with the river Uruguay. This reduction named Santo Domingo Soriano , where the town of Soriano is built today, in the department of Soriano.
The S
More, late, the Spaniards increase their presence to limit the expansion of the Portuguese installed to the Brésil since in 1680, the Portuguese just violate the Traité of Tordesillas by melting the town of Colonia LED Sacramento opposite the town of Buenos Aires to be able to completely dominate the Rio of Plata. Thus, the Spanish captain Bruno Mauricio de Zabala founds Montevideo the December 24th 1726 to place an army in this station strengthened, before colonizing the Banda Eastern , in the east of the river Uruguay.In 1777, the Spaniards establish their authority on the area by putting it under control of the viceroyalty of Buenos Aires. The natural port of Montevideo ends up competing with the trade of Buenos Aires.
The beginning of the 19th century is marked by fights between the British invaders, the Portuguese and the Spaniards for the domination of this zone extending on the Uruguyan territory, part of Argentina and another of Brazil.
The fight for independence
Whereas in 1810, the war of independence is started in Argentine under the name of Révolution of May ( Revolución of Mayo ), Uruguay does not know any rebellion. It is the cry of Asencio ( Grito de Asencio ) of the February 27th 1811 which is generally regarded as being the starting point of the revolution in the country. Quickly, part of the population carried out by Jose Gervasio Artigas takes part in this rising, directly attacking the Spanish army and the royalists by beating them with the Bataille of Mow Piedras the May 18th of the same year and going until encircling the town of Montevideo where the Spanish army was retranchée.To destroy the rebellion, Spain and Portugal sign an agreement which makes it possible a quota of Portuguese soldiers to come to assistance of those Spanish. This alliance then orders to the revolutionists to leave the accesses of Montevideo, all the Banda Eastern and the area Mesopotamia, order that Artigas applies since it leaves with all the local population to the Ayuí river in north the territory, leaving an almost uninhabited area behind him. This exodus shows at which point the people want his independence and which it is ready with very for that.
Starting from the February 26th 1813, the freedom fighters again encircle Montevideo during the battles of the Cerrito and the port del Buceo, and invest the city the May 23rd 1814. For this period, many confrontations take place between the army of Artigas the federalist and that of the government of Buenos Aires. In 1815 Artigas manages to join together in the frontier town of Arroyo of Clouded the outline of a congress of Argentinian independence with the representatives of the Banda Eastern, of the province of Córdoba, Corrientes, the Between Ríos, Misiones and of Santa Fe, plain in the Federal League ( Liga Federal ), the other provinces of the territories of old the Vice-royauté of Río of Plata then are also invited even if they do not ask fastening this Ligue.
Only, the armies Portuguese and Spanish are tested too much for revolutionary peasants and, following the many defeats which its army undergoes, Artigas must flee the country in 1820 and is exiled with the Paraguay and the Portugal appendix in 1821 the territory which became then current Uruguay by integrating it in the Brésil under the name of Provincía Císplatina .
Revolts are tried as of 1821 and 1823 but they does not have notable effects. The group of Very Eastern insurrectionists named the Treinta there ordered by Juan Antonio Lavalleja, arrives on the Uruguyan territory the April 15th 1825, much of people join this group and the Brazilian army which occupies the country then withdraws some, and as of the August 25th 1825, the province of Uruguay declares its independence with respect to Brazil. The country wishes nevertheless to join the Argentine by forming a regional federation, which Argentina accepts the October 24th same year, which starts a new war between the union of Argentina and Uruguay on the one hand and Brazil on the other hand. Finally, this union makes it possible to overcome Brazil at the conclusion three years of war.
The preliminary Convention of peace then the Treated of Montevideo which is signed the August 27th 1828 and approved by the the United Kingdom, the creation of Uruguay as independent and sovereign country officializes and traces the borders of the new State. The first constitution of the country is adopted the July 18th 1830.
An animated independence
The first president of Uruguay was to be approved by Brazil, consequently, even if Lavalleja is regarded as being the national hero of this new rebellion, it is not elected because of the refusal of Brazil. Fructuoso Will thus rivet form the first government of the country. Then, the second president, Manuel Oribe in 1835 creates a Commission to study the expenditure made by the first government, which Rivera refuses, with the wire of the various tensions like the latter, the political parties are created with side, the Colorados of the Rivera general and other the Blancos of the general Sergeant Oribe, the two factions quickly start to fight and Oribe resigns and is replaced by Rivera always constant by Brazil.When Rivera is elected for the second time in 1839, the Civil war bursts between the named conservatives Blancos (white), carried out by Manuel Oribe and supported by Argentina of Juan Manuel of Rosas and the liberals or Colorados (red), carried out initially by Fructuoso Rivera and then by Joaquín Suárez. One thus named them because of the color of their respective flags (white for the first and red for the seconds). The armed conflict is prolonged until in 1851 under the name of Great War ( Guerra Grande ) during which almost the whole of the country is under the control of Oribe except for the town of Montevideo which remains faithful to the Colorado party. Oribe then builds a new capital stuck to Montevideo which it names Villa Restauración (currently the district of Villa Unión ). The European powers defend Montevideo to protect their nationals and to safeguard their economic interests with for example the general Giuseppe Garibaldi, but its powers leave then, Colorados require the support armed with Brazil and the federalists of the Argentinian province of Between Rios which was against the mode of Rosas. The war finishes with the defeat of the Rosas-Oribe union, and these two people must leave the area. Continuation of the intervention of Europeans, much of immigrants settled in Uruguay, but the country is then ruined by this war and its population was decimated by it.
Of 1865 with 1870, now combined its two large neighbors who are Brazil and Argentina, the nation is recipient of the Guerre of Triple Alliance undertaken against the Paraguay.
Modernization and militarism
The modernization of the country begins in 1876, after the political chaos controlled by the revolutionists and finishes at the 20th century with the social and economic reforms of Jose Batlle there Ordóñez.
This modernization begin first of all with a period during which the country is under military control since the March 10th 1876, the tradesmen, the easy classes and the foreigners residing in the country meet to speak about the big problems of internal security of the countries due to the multiple revolutions (one deducts 19 attempts at departmental width or main road in 45 years) which prevent stabilities policy and economic to settle in the country; these instabilities are also due to the incompetence of the democratic governments composed of old Vacher S become Caudillo S with the advent of the democracy and finally with the decline of the popularity of these same parties. At the end of the meeting, the people present decide to give the capacity to the Colonel Lorenzo Latorre which is then Ministre for the War. This last accepts and seizes the power as provisional governor ( gobernador provisorio ).
The main aims of the government are to set up a lasting internal peace (especially in the countryside) and to impose the right to the Private property, as the people who named it the souhaitent.
This military capacity defines the political way taken, i.e. the change (temporary) of the traditional political groups ( blancos and colorados ) by a stronger government, i.e. protected by the army and the economic companies.
To establish the economic stability of the country, Latorre is based on the technological advancements of the time. The rifle S Mauser and Remington used by the army give an irrefutable and undeniable capacity to this one since the revolutionists cannot acquire them for a question of cost. The Télégraphe allows him to largely improve the speed of transmission of the orders even at the most moved back places of the territory and finally the Railroad allows the fast transfers of troops to choke the attempts at revolution, the overall length of this last is then multiplied by dix.
In same time, Latorre modernizes the legal apparatus by replacing the Maire S (which solved the conflicts then) by Juge S and departmental lawyer S. At the same time, in 1878, it approves the Codes of Civil procedure and Criminal Instruction ( Códigos de Procedimiento Civil E Instrucción Criminal ), as well as the rural Code ( Código Rural ) and creates the Register of the Seizures and Prohibitions ( Registro de Embargos E Interdicciones ). In 1879, to increase the capacity of the State with respect to the Church, it approves the law creating the register of civil statue ( Registro de Estado Civil ) which makes pass this function of the hands of the Église to those of the State. The Justice of the Peace ( juzgados of Paz ) thus start to establish and hold up to date four registers; that of the births, the deaths, the marriages and legitimations of the goods.
The rural Code has consequences until in the economy since with the right to the private property, this one establishes in an obligatory way the installation of fences all around the fields as well as the marking of the cattle to avoid the frauds. In the same way, the great landowners have the authorization to make the police force under the orders of the police chief of the area in the event of vol. With these measurements, the small holders must leave their campaigns, which causes a Rural migration important and the cities of the interior as Montevideo become populated very quickly. It should be noted that the government represses very hard the Chômage since the unemployed are then regarded as being “wandering potentially being able to attack the Ranch S of the rich person owners ”. Just as to help the people who had named it, Latorre free the barbed Wire of customs duty in 1875 and contrary, it establishes an important protectionism (reinforced in 1886 and 1888) on the products being able to be manufactured in Uruguay. Lastly, it privatize a great number of companies, the British investors acquire the Uruguyan companies of the Railroad, starting for the " Central Ferrocarril del Uruguay" in 1878, the company of gas becomes it in 1872 and that of the Drinking water in 1879. Uruguay also adopted the Or like standard to facilitate the commercial exchanges between the two countries (more for export that for the importation).
One of the most important reforms of the government of Latorre is of an educational nature. Jose Pedro Varela has paradoxical ideas as indicates it the historian Enrique Méndez Vives in his book El Uruguay of Modernización since this minister wants to conclude his educational reforms to prevent that similar authoritative governments can reproduce in the future. “The school is the base of the Republic; education, the essential condition of the citizenship. All the great needs for the democracy, all the requirements of the Republic, have only one possible way of realization: to inform; to inform; to always inform…” ( “the escuela be the base of República; the educación, the essential condición of the ciudadanía. Todas tired large necesidades of the democracia, todas tired exigencias of República, sólo tienen a possible medio of realización: educar; educar; siempre educar…” ).
The decree of law on Common Teaching is approved the August 24th 1877. It establishes three basic principles which are always those used currently. Education must be: free, obligatory and laic. The first two principles are concluded without great difficulties, but the population being reticent concerning secularity, Varela allows the teaching of the Catholicisme to the children whose parents make the demande.
of it
Varela thus creates an education system where the programs insist on the scientific concepts, where the parity man/woman is respected and where administrative decentralization is important to allow the participation of the people the improvement of the public school.
Latorre thus does not have particularly privileged the military class during its mandate but rather the easy economic class which had named it. It mainly used the authoritarianism of its government to forge a central capacity able to direct the country. Nevertheless, this period is authoritative, which implies a major reduction in freedoms.
The XXe century and the beginning of XXIe
Switzerland of America
At the end of the 19th century the country finishes the installation of its administrative organization and during the Batlle era (of the name of the president) it consolidates its democracy and reaches high levels of wellbeing, comparable with the European countries . So Uruguay is then called “Switzerland of America”.Most of the work made at the time of the first mandate of Jose Batlle Ordóñez is there of order purely political since Aparicio Saravia and the national Parti try popular risings in the north of the country in 1903 and 1904. These risings just make it possible definitively to consolidate the authority of the central capacity in all the Republic. The peace of Aceguá, signed in 1904 sets up three things:
- consolidation of the unit of the State, which implies the end of the policy of copartnership in the departmental governments.
- the government made up of an exclusive party
- the Electoral Reform
On the educational level, the Faculty of Commerce ( Facultad de Comercio ) is created in 1903 and in March 1907, it is Faculty Vétérinaire and of Agronomie ( Facultad de Veterinaria there Agronomía ) which opens its doors. It is then about techniciser the trade and the cultivable grounds by deviating wire of farmers of the traditional careers of lawyer S and Médecin S. There is also the creation of ten departmental Lycée S, to form the future elite of République.
During this mandate, there is also the development of a law voted in 1908 under the presidency of Claudio Williman bearing on the Divorce where justice can take into account only the will of the woman.
With the come to power of Claudio Williman, there is a certain continuity (while being more preserving) with the Batlle government. Indeed, the August 25th 1909 the port of Montevideo is inaugurated. It belongs to the public service of the State and the harbor administration reserves authorizations of mooring. The country has had for this day a means that it enables him to compete with Buenos Aires concerning the sea traffic.
From 1911 with 1915, for its second mandate, Batlle benefits from a excellent Economic conjuncture and manages to increase the general Standard of living of the Uruguyan population.
Important contributions with the Labor regulation of the workers are thus carried out. The work of minors of less than 13 years is prohibited; day's works for those of less than 19 years are shorter; the woman has 40 days of rest for the period of Grossesse, the obligatory rest is one day per week, the working time is to the 48 hours the maximum weekly and day's work should not exceed 8 hours. A law of payment of allowances for the broken of work is created just like the old-age pension (retirement) which can require all the elderly of at least 65 years and any age in the event of absolute disability, being in indigence, this pension depending on the number of years travaillées.
With regard to the economic activity of the State (the nationalization and nationalization of the market ( estatización there nacionalización )). The ideological principle is that the essential public services must be between the hands of the State, since this one is the organization representative of the company, i.e., of all the social classes, and is above its conflicts; the State must intervene where the private capital is undecided or fears to lose money, because he is not guided by the preoccupation of profit but with a public service; the State must replace the foreign companies which take along the profits out of borders, thus weakening the pays.
The most important nationalization is that of the banking environment, the bank of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay ( Banco República Oriental LED Uruguay ) is carried out of 1911 with 1913, that of the Bank Mortage holder of Uruguay ( Banco Hipotecario LED Uruguay ) becomes it in 1912, and the Assurance S passed with the hands deprived to the official hands with creation in 1911 of the bank of insurance of the State ( Banco del Seguros del Estado ), nationalization touches also the companies of electricity ( Ose ), of Chimie, of Geology, etc Just as is created in 1920 the Railway administration and Tramways of the State (" Ferrocarriles there Tranvías del Estado" - FTE).
Batlle continues the work initiated by Jose Pedro Varela while fighting against the Analphabétisme and by consolidating and developing public education with the detriment of teaching religieux.
This shows that it permanently fights the Catholic church of face, wanting to the minimum to reduce its influence on the people.
For all these reforms, that is of a political nature with the national unit, economic with the creation of a public service, social with the reforms of the labor regulation, Jose Batlle Ordoñez was regarded there (and is still today) as models it to follow and its political and social philosophy is still present in the mentality of all the Uruguyans, independently of their political ideas.
In 1917, a new constitution is adopted. It divides the executive power between the president of the Republic and a National council of administration. moreover, Uruguay adheres to the Société Nations in 1920.
After the death of Batlle and the economic crisis of 1929, Gabriel Terra became president then proclaims the March 31st 1933 dictator following a coup d'etat. It then dissolves the legislative power and the National council of administration which can the gêner.
During the Second world war, Uruguay is side of Alliés and at the end of the war, adheres to the United Nations.
Under the government Shine Batlle Berres (of 1947 with 1951), economic prosperity is consolidated by the increasing benefit which get Uruguyan exports in the Guerre of Korea (1950 - 1953), and in 1952, following an idea initiated by Batlle, the country adopts a new Constitution so that the executive power is held by a college of 9 people naming National council of the Government ( Consejo Nacional de Gobierno ), such a capacity having to prevent the still possible establishment of dictatorships. The State also finishes to nationalize the British companies like the companies of the railroads and of the electric trams of Montevideo (what is actually the refunding of the debt taken by the British at the time of the Second world war). These Années 1950 resemble much the years of president Jose Batlle there Ordóñez during whom prosperity is important and the rate of Analphabétisme almost no one.
An economic deterioration and a coup d'etat
After the War of Korea, the country crosses serious economic problems since its productions enter in competition with that of the the United States. The foreign trade strongly fell thus and involved a strong fall of 12% of GNP between 1956 and 1972. In rise from social and political instabilities since between March 1959 and February 1967, not less than eight governments follow one another. This political instability still reinforces economic instability. Between 1963 and 1967 inflation reaches increases records of 50% per annum, and in 1965 the massive Spéculation produces a banking crisis without precedents.In same time, the urban guerilla warfare develops with groups of Extreme left like Tupamaros and of Extrême right-hand side like the Death squads ( Escuadrón of the muerte ) and the Uruguyan Youth of Magpie ( Juventud Uruguaya de Pie ), the first being most active. These armed groups plunder the institutions which they show of corruption, kill or kidnap politicians. President Pacheco promulgates several times the suspension of all the civil liberties. Two kidnappings remarkable (organized by Tupamaros) were those of daN Mitrione (a civil servant of the United States) finally assassinated in August 1970 because of suspicions on its work in Uruguay (one supposes that he taught the methods of torture to the Uruguyan soldiers) and that the government had captured all the leaders of the movement, then the kidnapping of the British Ambassadeur Geoffrey Jackson in January 1971 which, after its release, wrote the book called in Spanish Secuestrado Por El Pueblo.
The governments try to profit from the assistances allocated by the United States in the States of Latin America to counter the Communisme; however none the recommendations of the plan of assistance are installation.
To try to solve the crisis, the deputies vote an amendment with the constitution in 1967 to repeal the National council of the Government and to return to an executive power held by only one man by reinforcing his capacities and while increasing at 5 years the term of the office which was 4 years.
In March 1972, Juan María Bordaberry is named president but its administration continues the policies of its predecessors by giving a greater budgetary priority to the army than with education or other social sectors. This government also proposes a law to eliminate autonomy from the universities and to increase the capacity of the army and police force. In April 1972, after a truce observed by the Tupamaros group for the good progress of the elections, and with the sight of the militarist reforms, the group engages in an open armed struggle against the capacity. This one declares then the “state of war internal”: all the civil liberties are suspended, initially during thirty days then later, the suspensions are prolonged by the General meeting until in 1973. Towards the end of the year, the army decisively demolishes the Tupamaros group, whose surviving members are imprisoned or run away themselves out of the borders of the country.
In February 1973, a very important internal conflict emerges between the president, the General meeting, and the armed forces, the first wanting to name a civilian with the head of the Ministry for national defense. Bordaberry must thus find an agreement (the pact of Boisso Lanza) with the soldiers who ask for a political participation. A Safety advice main road ( Consejo de Seguridad Nacional ) is also created with at his head the commanders of the Army, the marine , and the Air force, plus a senior officer, and the ministers for the national defense, the interior, and foreign affairs.
The June 27th 1973, Bordaberry decides with the assistance of the army (and especially under the pressure of this one) to dissolve the Congress by replacing it by the Council of the State and to seize the capacity. During this dictatorship, much of people are tortured, imprisoned or killed because of their political ideas, international Amnistie even concluded in 1976 which the ratio political prisoners per capita was higher than in any other nation in the world.
The June 12th 1976, Bordaberry is reversed by Alberto Demichelli Lizaso, president of the Council of the State which itself is drawn aside by Aparicio Méndez on September 1st of the same year.
In 1980, the army wishes to be legitimated by organizing a Plébiscite on a new constitution, constitution denounced by the political opponents. Finally, the citizens massively reject it to 57,2% at the time of the referendum organized the November 30th 1980, which marks a turning in the political life of the country.
Return towards the democracy
Gregorio Álvarez Armelino seizes the power the October 12th 1981 and slowly took again the dialog with the political parties. Then the soldiers announce a program to return the capacity to the civil authorities. The February 12th 1985, Gregorio Álvarez leaves the capacity to the President of the Supreme Court of justice in exercise Rafaël Addiego Bruno which organizes elections and on March 1st 1985 Julio María Sanguinetti, leader of the Parti Colorado, gains the elections with 41% of the voices in front of the candidate of the Blanco party which obtains 34% and that of the Frente Amplio (21%) and becomes President between 1985 and 1990.The country is then in an unprecedented crisis, a Foreign debt of more than five billion dollar S American and an inflation of more than 70 percent, however in very little time, the Uruguyan economy sets out again thanks to important exports and budgetary restrictions of the government to stabilize this one. The principal actions of this successful building site are the reduction in the number of civils servant, the important modernization of the nationalized companies, the reform of the retirements and the tax on the use of the Pétrole (to make decrease the energy bill of the country).
To support the return towards a civil peace, Sanguinetti mainly undertakes a national reconciliation campaign by creating with the massive support of the people the law “Nullity of the Punitive Claim of State” ( Caducidad of Pretensión Punitiva de Estado ) called also popularly “law of impunity ( “ley of impunidad” ) or “law of nullity” ( “ley of caducidad” ), which cancels the continuations towards the violations of the Human rights during the dictatorship (1973 - 1985).
Contemporary situation
Then, between 1990 and 1995, the candidature of Luis Alberto Lacalle of the National Parti gains the most votes and it occupies the presidency of the country then. Under its mandate, Uruguay enters gradually of 1991 to 1995 the alliance of the Mercosur (an economic alliance with its adjoining countries), it carries out a monetary reform by devaluating the Peso (1 old peso for 1000 new) But the Uruguyans do not like his liberal economic policy and privatizations (sectors energy, banking, Transport) which it starts to undertake in 1992.In 1994, Julio María Sanguinetti leaves the presidential elections again at the head. Its second mandate begins in 1995 and was completed in March 2000. Jorge Batlle becomes president of Uruguay then on March 1st of this same year for a 5 years mandate. The August 9th 2000, this president, who had lost members of his family during the dictatorship, establishes a Commission for peace with the downstream of the people and the soldiers so that the families find their missing parents, that authors of disappearances (of which the former dictator Juan María Bordaberry) are judged and so that the country turns the page of the dictatorship definitively. Nevertheless, it is probable that the lawsuits remain only symboliques.
In 2002, the skin of the former chief Vaimaca Pirúdes, one of the last Charrúa is brought back since the France to the Pantheon National.
The banking crisis of Uruguay
The crisis of the Foot-and-mouth disease shakes the economy of the breeding on which Uruguay and its countries bordering are based, approximately 20.000 animals are killed to dam up the epizooty and of the massive campaigns of Vaccination in the breeding S. Consequently the countries of the area are installation are strongly touched as of 2001. To counter this foot-and-mouth disease coming from Argentina (country more touched) and to safeguard the Uruguyan Livestock, the government prohibits the importation since this country, exports towards Argentina decrease very quickly to become almost null. Between January and February 2002, the Argentinian ones withdraw their currencies of the Uruguyan banks (the Argentinian government publicly excused of it the June 4th of this same year). The Uruguyan economy collapses then and the most visible impact is the foreign exchange rate of the peso collapses in less an.The July 30th, a big number of Banque S announce their bankruptcy but the government succeeds in pushing back the permanent closure of the establishment to the August 2nd.
For several months, the trade unions have tried to raise the public opinion against the marked government to have a liberal policy too , with the result that the April 16th the Uruguyans express their anger at the time of a Manifestation of great width of approximately 100.000 people. The June 12th, the trade unions start a general Grève 24 hours, paralyzing all the country.
Lastly, the August 4th, the the United States conscious of the crisis grant an emergency aid of 1,5 billion American dollars (the equivalent of the withdrawals carried out by the Argentinian ones) while waiting for the assistance of the the IMF. What made it possible to defuse the crisis gradually.
Tabaré Vázquez and the new crisis with Argentina
The October 31st 2004, Tabaré Vázquez (Left Progressist-Face Widen-News Majority) has become the 33 {{E}} President constitutionally elected as of the first turn with 50,45% of the votes, it is the first time for 174 years which an elected president belongs neither to the party Colorado, nor with that National.Since its election, Tabaré Vázquez tries to stabilize the economy while bringing back Peso toa more favorable rate and by decreasing the Foreign debt of the country. The greatest crisis which it must manage is the crisis with Argentina about manufacturing planies of Cellulose to Fray Bentos (Río Negro) which is located opposite the Argentinian border on the Río Uruguay.
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