History of Kenya

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According to fossils found in East Africa, the first protohumains lived in the area there is more than twenty million years. Others discovered indicate that Hominides like Homo habilis and Homo erectus lived with the Kenya 2,6 million years ago.

People of North Africa, speaking the cushitique one, arrived in the area known now under the name of Kenya at the neighborhoods of -2000. The first Arab merchants started to attend the coasts of Kenya about the 1st century after JC. The proximity of the Arab peninsula was favourable with colonization, and of the Arab colonies and Perse S appeared along the coasts before the 8th century. During the 1 {{thousand-year-old er}}, nilotic people and bantus migrated in the area, and the latter now form the three-quarters of the population of Kenya.

For the needs for the trade between these different people developed the Culture swahili, interbreeding between the Arab and African culture. The arrival of the Portuguese at the 16th century calls into question the Arab prevalence on the coast, itself eclipsed by that of Oman in 1698. The the United Kingdom as for him establishes an influence during the 19th century.

The colonial history of Kenya began with creation from a German protectorate on possessions from the sultan from Zanzibar, then the arrival of the British East Africa Company in 1888. The competitions between these two countries ceased when Germany renonça with its coastal possessions in favor of the United Kingdom in 1890.

The British government establishes in 1895 the British East Africa, and in 1902 it makes it possible to the white colonists to reach the high fertile plains. These colonists had an influence in the government before even as he is not officially declared colony of the Crown in 1920, but the Africans were excluded from direct political participation until in 1944.

Of October 1952 to December 1959, the rebellion Mau Mau combat the British colonial law. The British decision makers then made take part more and more of the Africans in the governmental processes, in order to cut the rebels of their support. The first direct elections for Africans at the Legislative council took place in 1957.

Although the British hoped to transmit the capacity to a moderated group, it was the Kenya African National Union (KANU) of Jomo Kenyatta, member of the tribe of the Kĩkũyũ and former prisoner under the martial law, which formed the first government shortly after the independence of the country the December 12th 1963. One year later Kenyatta became the first President of the Republic.

In 1964 the minority party, the Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU), coalition of small tribes fearing the domination of largest, car-dissolves and joined the KANU.

In 1966 is created the Kenya People' S Union (KPU), left warping small but playing a great part. It was directed by Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, ex vice-president and wise Luo. After a visit animated of Kenyatta in the province of Nyanza, the KPU is prohibited and its imprisoned chief.

With died of Kenyatta the August 22nd 1978, the vice-president Daniel Arap Me becomes president by interim, then officially president the October 14th after being elected with the head of the KANU and being designated as its only candidate.

In June 1982 the National Assembly registers in the Constitution the sole party, but this clause is rejected by the Parliament in December 1991. In December 1992 of the elections multi-parties give the KANU and its chief the majority of the seats, and Me is re-elected for a five years mandate, while the opposition parties seize approximately 45% of the seats parlemantaires.

The number of political parties passed from 11 to 26 following a liberalization in November 1997. After a short victory with the elections of December 1997, the KANU conservit its parliamentary majority, and Me was again elected.

Constitutionally not being able to represent itself in December 2002, Me tried without success to make Uhru Kenyatta, wire of the first president of Kenya, his successor. A disparate coalition of opposition parties gained the elections, and its chief, Mwai Kibaki, former vice-president of Me, were elected President with a vast majority.

Sources

Based on, itself based on U.S. State department. Background Notes: Kenya

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