History of Aveyron

It is a little artificial to write a history of the Aveyron since the Préhistoire, since the department of Aveyron as a distinct administrative unit exists only since 1790, like the majority of the French departments. Nevertheless the soils of Aveyron had a strong common history. The article which follows treats history of the men on the territory of the department of Aveyron.

Prehistory

The Paleolithic

It would seem that the Homme of Néanderthal was present in Aveyron during the Moustérien, between 130.000 and 35.000 years before our era. Some Double-side S and flint tools were discovered except context on the Causse Comtal and the Before-Causses saint-affricains. Two sites are proven:

the site of Rescoundudou to Onet-l' Church
the Shelter of the Small channels to Nant.

These sites attest the prevalence of hunting, mainly horses and Daim S. The climate then was moderate.

During the Paleolithic superior, the climate strongly cools. It is the Glaciation of Würm. The Glacier of the Aubrac makes the presence human difficult. Some sites of this period (35 thousand years at 8 thousand years before our era) indicate a temporary frequentation of Aveyron: station of surface of the area of Rignac, Cave of Reycabrot to Rullac-Saint-Cirq, the Rock Perforated with Holy-Eulalie-with-Cernon and the Usclades with Nant.

Mesolithic era

Towards 8200 before our era, Western Europe knows a generalized warming. One attends a return of a fauna and a flora of moderate Climat. The human culture present on the territory of Aveyron changes. It afit of the Mesolithic . It is characterized by tiny cut flints, microlithe S, generally of geometrical forms: triangular, trapezoidal, semicircular… They were used on wood poles. The arc and the arrow are courammemnt used. These populations are the last hunters-gatherers in Aveyron.

Among about thirty known sites carrying of the traces of this periods, one counts the Stations of Lévezou, the Abris of Caïres to Laissac, of Roquemissou, of Campagnac, of Poujade to Millau, and, particularly interesting the Abris of Salzets in Mostuéjouls, of the Rock Perforated and of Usclades.

The Neolithic

It would seem that there was a " genesis néolithique" native, different from that which developed on the Mediterranean coastline, and at least so old. In the Abri-sous-roches testify to Poujade, of Roquemissou, Puech-Margues to Cresse, of the Roc Perforated and the Usclades. These sites would have been occupied, according to dating with the Carbon-14, during the VIe and thousand-year-old Ve front J. - C.. The species domistiqués like the Sheep, the Goat, the Pig and the Bœuf are increasingly present, and replace the species driven out previously. One sees appearing the art of the Céramique, more and more fine. One finds grains of Blé and Orge. However the stone tools remain of Mesolithic invoice.

Starting from the thousand-year-old IVe front J. - C. the deforestation intensifies. The number and the importance of the known sites of this time indicate a certain demographic progression. They are in majority Cave-habitat located on the slope sunny the valleys or the edges plates. It is the Chasséen in Avezron, characterized by smooth ceramics, sometimes decorated with reason geometrical, and by tools containing fair flint.

With the thousand-year-old IIIe front J. - C. precociously begins on the Grands Causses the Age of Copper, or Chalcolithique.

Rutènes

The Rutènes are Celtic people supposed originating in Central Europe and which was probably established in Rouergue as of IVe century before our era. They occupied what is today the Aveyron and the Tarn. They are mentioned for the first time by Jules César at the time of the Guerre of Gaules between -58 and -51 front J. - C. They maintained the relations with their neighbors the Arvernes with which they prétèrent strong hand to push back the invader. Nevertheless after the victory of Jules César with Uxellodunum against the close Cadurques, the Rutènes adopted quickly the Pax Romana. According to Alexandre Albenque, the Celtic people, during the war against Jules César, would have been of a population roughly equal to that of today, that is to say 200.000 to 250.000 inhabitants.

Graeco-Roman civilization in Aveyron

The Middle Ages

For this period, history of Aveyron east that of the Rouergue.

Rebirth

The revolutionary period

The revolution, initially, is well accommodated in certain parts of Rouergue. One written there Registers of grievances and one elects delegates for the assembly. The three Baillage S of Rouergue send four deputies each one, for the nobility, for the clergy and two for the Tiers state. Among them one counts in particular Mgr of Colbert and Antoine Rodat. The Fête of the Federation is celebrated the July 14th 1790, in particular with Holy-Eulalie-with Olt.

However an opposition will appear because of a share of the clerical question, and in addition of the Conscription.

Only one quarter of the priests aveyronnais will lend the oath to the civil constitution. Following the judgment of this one by the pope, there were nothing any more but 120 Jureur S for 1011 priests. Many will be the Réfractaire S sought, imprisoned, even off-set. Their moral authority on aveyronnais will be some durably reinforced, regarded as " goods prêtres" , of the " confessors of the foi". This tradition of religious resistance will be poursuivera during the 19th century, by the schism of the Petite Church following the refusal of the Concordat of 1801 and the movement of the Enfarinés, established well in the areas of Campouriez and Villecomtal.

The XIXe century

In 1817, the prosecutor Fualdès is assassinated. Recent studies blame the secret, catholic Order and royalist of the Chevaliers of the Faith.

In 1836, a group of personalities and notable buildings attached to progress of the culture created the Company of the letters, sciences and arts of Aveyron, on the initiative of one as of the their Hippolyte de Barrau.

See too

Business Barrau - Solages
Business Fualdès

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