History of Andalusia

This article gives the Histoire set of themes of the Spanish autonomy of the Andalusia.

Antiquity

The Celtic Ibères, and the Tartessiens were present in Andalusia before the arrival of the Greek Phéniciens, , Carthaginois and of the Romains.

Tartessiens ( Latin Tartessii in ) formed a civilization whose economy would have been mainly based on the Agriculture and the exploitation of the money. Their capital was with Tartesse (see Tartessos) ( Tartessus in Latin). They would have mixed with the Phéniciens, which settled later, then came the Greek . Hérodote and Avienus evokes Tartessiens in their works. According to Hérodote, the king Arganthonius would have offered present to the Greeks.

The Phéniciens had Comptoir S on the coasts. The Carthaginois controlled certain territories until in -206. They founded in particular Cadiz ( Latin Gades in ) which remained an important city at the time Roman. Hamilcar Barca took part in military campaigns in the south of the Hispanie.

The Romains had occupied Andalusia which they named Bétique. This area corresponds mainly to current Andalusia, and drew its name from the Fleuve Betis called Guadalquivir today. They installed the capital of Bétique with Cordoue ( Corduba in Latin). At the 3rd century the Bétique became one of the three Roman provinces of the Iberian peninsula with the Lusitanie and the Tarraconaise.
The Christian religion arrived at IVe century.

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Chronology of Andalusia under Antiquity

The Middle Ages

The contemporary name of Andalusia results from the country that the Berber and Arab Moslems named Al-Andalus . The origin remains obscure and of the historians the dregs to the occupation vandal which succeeded the fall of the Roman Empire on the Iberian peninsula. The Byzantine and Visigoths of Hispanie arrived to Andalusia before the Moors do not invade it.

The Berbères invaded Andalusia in 711 when Tariq ibn Ziyad arrived by the strait of Gibraltar. The Moors were maintained in the south of the peninsula until in 1492, year when they were driven out of Grenade. The Moors who remained were persecuted violently until in 1609 where, under the order of Philippe III, they were banished Spanish grounds.

In 929 the emir omeyyade of Cordoue takes the title of Caliph , in competition with the caliph of Baghdad. But the kingdom of Cordoue is not long in splitting up in about thirty small kingdoms, the taïfa S . Thus reigned the Abbadides with Seville of 1023 with 1091. The Christian projection is however stopped by the arrival of reinforcements of the the Maghreb, the Almoravides which are not long in annexing the Moslem grounds of Spain to their empire. In 1140 they in their turn are replaced by the Almohades.

Confusion between Al-Andalus and Andalusia probably go back to the emirate of Grenade, which as from 1238 until the crucial Année bringing the advent of Spain of the modern time brings cultural elements structuring such as architectures of the Art nasride. However the vassal State of Ferdinand d' Aragon did not occupy all the geographical space of current Andalusia.

The arabo-Moslem woman presence marked the Andalusian culture deeply. The construction of the Grande mosque of Cordoue began at the 8th century under Abderahman the Ist town of Cordoue will give its name to the Cordonnerie , craft industry for which it was famous.

Ferdinand III of Castille seized Cordoue in 1236. Seville was taken in 1248 and Grenade in 1492.

See also: Reconquista; Al-Andalus ; note important: the country under Moorish domination largely exceeded the current territory of Andalusia. Al-Andalus extended until the limits from the Asturies in its maximum extension.

Modern time

The Kingdom of Grenade, already vassal, falls in 1492; it was also the year when Christophe Colomb accomplished his voyage towards the American continent. Seville then became the Spanish main port for the voyages with the Nouveau World , because it was the only one to have the right to trade with Americas, since the foundation of the Casa contratación in 1503. The wearing of Seville kept this privilege until that of Cadiz replaces it in 1717.

In April 1587 to sir Francis Drake attacks the fleet of future the Invincible Armada in the course of armament in the port of Cadiz causing a delay of one year in the project of invasion of the England.

In 1649, the black Peste struck the town of Seville. In 1704, the Spanish crown lost Gibraltar.

Contemporary time

The Bataille of Trafalgar was held close to Cadiz in 1805. The Battle of Bailén. A Constitution was promulgated the March 12th 1812 with Cádix.

In 1936, burst the Spanish civil war. The army of Francisco Franco, supported by Italian troops, seized Malaga, the February 8th 1937. German ships bombarded Almería the May 31st 1937 to support Franco.

The World Fair of 1992 was held with Seville.

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