Historical Banat

The Banat (Rumanian: Banat ; Serb: Банат or Banat ; German: Banat ; Hungarian: Bánát or Bánság ; Slovak: Banát ) is a south-eastern area of Europe, divided between three countries:

It is part of the plain of Pannonia limited by the the Danube to the south, the the Tisza (Theiss, Tissa, the Tisza) in the west, the Mureş in north, and the southernmost Carpates in the east. Its historical capital is Timişoara (Hungarian: Serb Temesvár , : Temišvar ), located in the Judeţ de Timiş of Romania.

The term Banat indicated the province border controlled by a round of applause.

There was several banats in the Royaume of Hungary, such as the banats of Dalmatie, Slavonie, Bosnia and Croatia; those disappeared during the Othoman Guerres. But the word used without another qualifier indicates the Banat de Timişoara, which curiously acquired this title after the Traité of Passarowitz (1718), whereas it controlled forever by a round of applause.

History

Period dace

Before the Roman Empire under Trajan does not conquer the area of Banat in 106 before J.C, the country was inhabited by the Daces. The Roman domination was on-extent and the emperor Aurélien (270 - 275) withdrew the Roman forces in the south of the the Danube, by on the spot leaving a romanized population.

Bulgarian period

Among the first medieval migrations, the Slaves settled in Banat at the 6th century. At the 9th century the territory of Banat belonged to the First Empire Bulgarian. The Hungarian historical chronicle Gesta Hungarorum speaks about a duke called Glad, a sovereign in the territory of Banat which came from Vidin and was vassal of the tsar Siméon of Bulgaria. Its descendant was Ahtum, the last sovereign who opposed the establishment of the Royaume of Hungary. Ahtum was orthodoxe.

Hungarian period

The area is conquered by the Royaume of Hungary at the 11th century and is divided into counties of Torontál, Temes, Krassó and Szörény.

Othoman period

Banat is conquered by the Othoman in 1552, and becomes a Elayet (province) named Elayet de Temesvar . Since the 16th century, Banat is mainly populated of Serbes and Valaques. In 1594 the Serbes of Banat start a great revolt against the Turkish domination, in which also the Valaques take part.

Under the domination of the Turks, zones of Banat were inhabited little, following the conflicts, and some were left with the abandonment. The count Claudius Mercy (1666 - 1734), named governor of Banat de Temes in 1720, took important measures to regenerate Banat. The marshes beside the the Danube and of the the Tisza were cleaned, of the roads and of the channels built with large pains, of the German craftsmen and other colonists were attracted to occupy the district, and agriculture and the trade were encouraged.

Austrian period

At the 17th century, parts of Banat are captured by the Habsbourg of Austria. In 1716, Prince Eugene of Savoy conquers the last parts of Banat of the Othomans. There receives the title of Banat de Temesvár after the Traité of Passarowitz (1718), and remains a separate province of the Monarchy of the Habsbourg under civil administration. The province of Banat is dissolved in 1778. The southern part of Banat remains part of the military border (Banat Krajina) until its dissolution in 1871.

The Empress Marie-Therese Ire of Hungary was interested much in Banat; she made colonize the area by German peasants , dissolved several villages, encouraged the exploitation of the mineral richnesses, and generally developed the measurements introduced by Mercy. The Germans arrived of Souabe, of Alsace, Lorraine and the Luxembourg (of which French-speaking people, sometimes called " French of Banat"), of Bavaria, and even of Austria. Many colonies of the east of Banat were occupied mainly by Germans. These Germans were called Souabes of the Danube, or Donauschwaben , with the second vagueness of the Drang nach Osten.

According to the data of 1774, the population of the Banat de Temesvár was made up of:

Second Hungarian period

In 1779 Banat was joined together with the Royaume of Hungary, and the three counties of Torontál, Temes and of Krassó were recreated. In 1848, Western Banat became part of the Voïvodine Serbe. During the revolution of 1848/1849, Banat was supported by the Serb troops and Hungarian.

After the Revolution of 1848-1849, Banat (and the area of Srem and Bačka) became a separate Kronland of Austria, called Voïvodine of Serbia and Banat de Tamiš (German: Woiwodschaft Serbien und Temescher Banat ), but in 1860 this province dissolved and was reincorporated in Hungary habsbourgeoise.

After 1871, the old military border was reincorporated in Banat. Krassó and Szörény was plain in Krassó-Szörény in 1881.

In 1918, the République of Banat was proclaimed with Temesvár, and the Hungarian government recognized its independence, but it made length-fire. After a few days, the Serb troops penetrated in Banat, and it was the end of the Republic of Banat.

Rumanian period

In 1918 (confirmed by the Treated of Trianon of 1920), most of Banat is allotted to the Romania: (Krassó-Szörény entirely, 2/3 of Temes, and a small portion of Torontál). The south-western part (Torontál, 1/3 of Temes) was allotted to the Royaume of Serb, Croatian and Slovenien the lately created (which will become the Yugoslavia). A small zone close to Szeged is allotted the lately independent Hungary. The territory of Banat is at present in the counties of Timiş, Arad and of Caraş-Severin in Romania, in the autonomous province of Voïvodine and in the district of Belgrade in Serbia, and in the Comitat of Csongrád in Hungary.

Symbols

The traditional heraldic symbol of Banat is a Lion, which is today in the weapons of the Romania and in the weapons of the Voïvodine.

Cities

The big cities of Banat are:

External bonds

  • Banatul

  • Backabanat

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