Hip

Anatomy

the head of the Femur consisted a sphere 45 mms in diameter.
the Cavity cotyloïde (also called acetabulum) located at the side face of the iliaque Os. It takes the shape of a sphere forming an open crescent in bottom.
the pad cotyloïdien (or pad acétabualire or Labrum acétabulaire) surrounding the cavity cotyloïde is a fibrocartilage.
the articular capsule is a fibrous sleeve tended between the pad cotyloïdien and the femoral collar and surrounding all the articulation

It is an articulation known as enarthrose which allows a homogeneous distribution of the forces and an optimization of the amplitude of the movement.

Means of fixity

the articular capsule: fibrous fabrics reinforced by para-articular ligaments.
the ligament of the femoral head or round ligament: this ligament really does not take part in the stability of the articulation and C (is a door vessels plusqu' an application. it fits on a small cavity into the top of the femoral head and makes 3 insertions: higher or ventral, average and dorsal or posterior. Its actions: little mechanical action; course of the arteries vascularisant the osseous head and the cartilage of the femur; elastic shock absorber filling the focette acétabulaire; and movement of the hip: it moves and distributed the synovial liquid in the socket.
the ligament iliofémoral or ligament out of V of Bertin which finished in two parts: one on the lesser trochanter and the other on the great trochanter, and which fits on laligne intertrochanter.
the ischio-femoral ligament.
the pubo-femoral ligament fits on the pubic slope of the iliaque bone and finishes on the lesser trochanter.
the transverse ligament acétabulaire (it supplements the cavity acétabulaire) it binds between the horn posterior and the horn former.
negative intra-articular pressure.
muscles surrounding the bones.

Amplitudes and movement of the hip

Extension of the hip: 15°
Inflection of the hip: 120° bent leg, 90° tended leg
Abduction of the hip: 45°
Adduction of the hip: 30°
external Rotation the hip: 45°
Rotation interns hip: 35°

Radiology

In standard radiography:

the Bassin of Face Upright makes it possible to evaluate the thickness of the articular line space and the statics of the basin (search for a rocker of the basin in the event of inequality length of the lower extremities). This stereotype shows a clotheshanger cervico-obturator which must be regular.
the false profile of Lequesne makes it possible to measure the cover former and to evaluate the articular line space in the antéro-posterior direction what is a more sensitive diagnostic element during the tracking of the coxarthrose beginner.
the surgical profile (of Arcelin or Ducroquet) is the simple examination not requiring the mobilization of the articulation, in the search of a fracture of the femoral collar.
useful urethral profile in the search for a ostéonécrose of the femoral head.

In conventional radiology, the coxometry is the measurement of the angles formed by the various structures of the hip and to diagnose constitutional or acquired anomalies.

Arthrography and Arthroscanner utilent in the search for cartilagineux foreign body (chondromatose). The arthroscanner being the examination of choice for the examination of the pad acétabulaire and cartilagineuses surfaces cotyloïdienne and femoral.

The Imagerie by magnetic resonance is the most useful examination to examine the synovial membrane, the bone épiphysaire and to detect intra-articular épenchements.

Pathologies of the hip

Luxation of hip where the femoral head left the cavity cotyloïde,
Fracture of the femoral collar,
Ostéonécrose of the femoral head and Ostéochondrite primitive of hip degenerative pathologies of the bone of the femoral head
Coxarthrose where osteoarthritis of hip,
Rhume of hip or transitory Synovite acute is the viral ignition of the articulation,
Coxite S infectious or rheumatic,
Épiphysiolyse of the teenager in overweight.
etc

Symbolic system

Also let us note that the hips are associated with the fertility and sexuality. As broad hips facilitate d´un l´accouchement new born, they are associated with a sexual maturity and are perceived like a sexual asset among women. In many paintings or traditional sculptures one can observe women with amplified hips. (Venus de Kallipygos, l´odalisque)

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