Hip-hop

The hip-hop is a cultural and artistic movement appeared with the the United States at the beginning of the Années 1970 and which, since, was diffused in the whole world. Resulting from the Ghetto S New Yorkean, it mixes festive and claiming aspects.

The four principal elements of the culture hip-hop are the Rap, and more generally the Musique Hip-hop, the Graffiti, the deejaying, the Break dance and the other dances hip-hop. One adds sometimes also the Human beatbox, even the street-language , the '' street-fashion '', the street-knowledge and the street-entrepreneurialism

Often comparable with the Rap which is however only one of its aspects, the history of the movement hip-hop often merges with that of the musical current. The hip-hop is today the the urban culture most widespread in the world, and that which counts the most members, being as well in Africa as in Japan or Latin America.

Roots

One can quote the Griot S, poets and travelling musicians of West Africa arrived like slaves to America. The music hip-hop takes as a starting point the Soul and the Funk with in particular James Brown and Isaac Hayes. The influence of the Dub jamaïcain and the sound systems is also important with the appearance of instrumental versions of standards Reggae on which will come to speak the hosts about the festivals, called “Masters of ceremony”. The Blues brings the musical dialogs ( cal and response ) which will influence the toasting then the battles .

The hip-hop is indissociable " block-parties" , where have it closed the street using barricades or of cars to block circulation. The DJ arrived then and connected on public lighting. It is in these block-parts that MCing and Breakdance appeared, and that the graffeurs met to exchange their points of view. Later, Afrika Bambaataa gathered these elements in only one term, the hip-hop, by accompanying it by a pacifist philosophy, the Zulu-Nation.

Elements of the culture hip-hop

The music hip-hop

The music hip-hop is based on two aspects: the production (also called beatmaking) and the song rap (also called emceeing (from emcee or MC)). The beatmaking can often be confused with DJing for the simple reason that both belong to the music basic (or happy) used by the MC for to grate . At the beginning, the hip-hop was exerted mainly by the men but gradually certain women were integrated like Diam' S or the singer of R&B: Fergie.

Beatmaking

Beatmaking is normally made by data processing using specialized programs, even if at the beginning the MC grated on the instrumental part of a song passed in loop. The happy one was thus composed starting from samples of discs. First of all happy includes/understands three sections normally: bassline (the form that the low one in the instrumental one will take), the melody (the principal line, that which will collect the attention), and the drumline (sounds of drums ex: snares, drums). Several Beatmakers prefer to use samples the other instrumental ones and to mix them to create a melody, but it is as much possible to compose completely.

MCing

MCing, or Rap, is the jerked song of words often very picturesque, rich in assonances and alliterations. Influenced by Toasting and precursors in the jazz or the rock'n'roll, he is a success such as one compares sometimes the music hip-hop to rep.

MC is the name which indicates that which animates the evenings or of the demonstrations, but also appoints the rappeurs. Initial the MC correspond in English to Master off Ceremony.

First DJs encouraged the public which attended the festivals to dance. Nevertheless, one among them, Grandmaster Flash, was so occupied passing its discs and listening to them that it became soon necessary to him to engage two friends so that they encourage the public in his place. Soon, the first rappeurs felt the desire for telling something moreover, and started with " to release connaissances" on the ghetto, their life of the every day, etc

First rappeurs and famous groups of rap

The first groups of rap had a style directed towards the festival, the words were then punctuated onomatopoeias Old-School, more musical from the more important presence then of the DJ. The rap evolves little by little to a more conscious style with, first of all, " The Message" of Large Master Flash and Miss mel. Later, with groups as Public Enemy the speech is radicalized. Then, finally, the source of several rappeurs resulting from local gangs produces the Gangsta Rap towards end of the year 80. They is a few years later that the style " West Coast" was revealed with the general public with the group Niggaz With Attitude (N.W.A.) and their album Straight Outta Compton, as well as groups like Compton' S Most Wanted, South Central Trust or Cypress Hill.

DJing

The DJing consists in passing from the discs simultaneously, by mixing them and by modifying them. The DJ uses for that of the techniques varied like the scratch, the cutting, the Baby scratch or Crab. Several Djs are now stars such as DJ First, former fellow-member of Guru in their Gangstarr group, and DJ Craze, which gains tournament over tournament! Without forgetting DJ Clue, which thanks to its mixtapes was the first DJ of the Hip Hop scene has to sell more than one million discs.

The first famous DJ' S of hip-hop

The human beatbox

The Human beatbox represents several kinds of music created by using the voice, the throat, the nose. Invented by Doug E. Fresh, it had a great success in the Années 1980 before declining to return towards the end of the Années 1990. One of the most famous beatboxers is undoubtedly Rahzel, whose most famous song is " Yew you mother only knew" where it combined " the happy and the chorus At the same time" , the happy one and the voice at the same time! Like the other disciplines of the hip-hop, the beatbox knows a planetary resonance, of Killa Kela in the United Kingdom, of Saian Supa Crew in Ezra in France, with the Austrians of Bauchklang, the beatbox knew to exceed the North-American borders.

The dance hip-hop

The dance hip-hop appears with the Breakdance, a dance characterized by its lifting aspect and its figures on the ground and which is partly inspired by the Funk Styles (Locking, Popping and Boogaloo. The dancers are also called breakers, B-servant boys or b-girl. New styles seemed House dance, New style, Hooba Lumps, lien= http://www.courrierinternational.com/article.asp?obj_id=66171}} {{Multi stringcourse|Gate music|Hip-hop gate|Gate the United States of America}} [[Category: Hip-hop]] [[Category: Groove]] [[Category: subculture]] [[als: Hip Hop]] [[Ca: Hip hop]] [[Cs: Hip hop]] [[da: Hiphop]] [[of: Hip Hop (Subkultur)]] [[in: Hip hop culture]] [[eo: Hiphopo]] [[be: Hip hop]] [[fi: Hip hop]] [[gl: Hip hop]] [[He: היפהופ]] [[hu: Hip-hop]] [[it: Hip hop]] [[ja: ヒップホップ]] [[KB: 힙합]] [[lt: Hip-Hop' ace]] [[nl: Hiphop]] [[N: Hip hop]] [[No: Hiphop]] [[pl: Hip-hop]] [[Pt: Hip hop]] [[ro: Cultura hip hop]] [[Ru: Хип-хоп (субкультура)]] [[simple: Hip hop]] [[SSL: Hip-hop]] [[sv: Hiphop]] [[tr: Hip Hop]] [[zh: 嘻哈

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