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Biography

Founder and principal theorist of the Surrealism, the life of André Breton forms a unit with the movement so much so that, even among the most virulent adversaries, anybody did not judge to have to dispute it as for its theoretical cogency.

Attempt at a poetic coup d'etat to the First proclamation (1924)

Only sons of a family of the catholic lower middle class whose mother imposes a rigid education, André Breton passes a childhood without history to Pantin (act. Seine-St-Denis), in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris.

To the college Chaptal, it follows a “modern” schooling (without Latin nor Greek), is pointed out by its professor of rhetoric which makes him discover Charles Baudelaire and Joris-Karl Huysmans, and by his professor of philosophy which opposes positivism (" to him; Order and progrès") with the thoughts " hégéliennes " (" Freedom of the conscience of soi") that affectionate the young man. He binds friendship with Theodore Fraenkel and Rene Hilsum and publishes his first poems in the literary review of the college. To the spite of his/her parents which saw it engineer, Breton enters in preparatory class with the PCN, with Fraenkel.

At the beginning of 1914, he addresses some poems to the manner of Stephan Mallarmé, with the review the Phalange which the poet Symbolist Jean Royère directs. This last publishes them and puts Breton in relation to Paul Valéry. With the declaration of war, on August 3rd, it is with his parents in Lorient (Morbihan). It has for only book a collection of poems of Arthur Rimbaud which it knows little about. Judging its poetry if “granted to the circumstances”, it reproaches his friend Fraenkel his tepidity in front of “such a considerable work”. For its part, he proclaims “the major artistic inferiority of realistic work on the other. ” Declared “good for the service” in January 1915, Breton is sent to Pontivy, in artillery, to make its classes there, then it is affected at the hospital of Nantes (Loire-Atlantique) as house physician. He writes his first letter with Guillaume Apollinaire.

In February or March 1916, it meets a soldier in convalescence: Jacques Cow. It is the intellectual “love at first sight”. With literary temptations of Breton, Vaché opposes Alfred Jarry to him, the “desertion inside oneself” and obeys only one law, the “Umour (without H)”. Discovering in a handbook what one names then the “psychoanalyze” of Sigmund Freud, with its request, Breton is affected in the Center of neurology in Saint-Dizier (Haute-Marne) whom directs a former assistant of Jean-Martin Charcot. In direct contact with the madness, it refuses to see there only one mental deficit but rather a capacity with creation. November 20th, 1916, Breton is sent to the face as stretcher-bearer.

Of return to Paris in 1917, it meets Pierre Reverdy with which it collaborates in its review North-South and Philippe Soupault that Apollinaire presents to him: “It is necessary that you became friendly. ” Soupault makes him discover the Chants of Maldoror of Lautréamont, which causes a great emotion at Breton. With Louis Aragon of which it makes knowledge at the hospital of the Valley-of-Grace, they spend their nights of guard to recite passages of the Chants of Maldoror in the middle of the “howls and of the sobs of terror started by the air raid warnings among patients” (Aragon).

In a letter of July 1918 to Fraenkel, Breton evokes the joint project with Aragon and Soupault, of a book on some painters like Giorgio De Chirico, André Derain, Juan Gris, Henri Matisse, Picasso, Henri Rousseau… in lequels “would be told with the English manner” the life of the artist, by Soupault, the analysis of works, by Aragon and some reflections on art, by Breton itself. There would be also poems of each one compared to some tables.

In spite of the war, the censure and the anti-Germanic spirit, arrive from Zurich, Berlin or Cologne, the echoes of the demonstrations Dada like some their publications like the Manifeste hobby-horse 3 . In the month of January 1919, deeply affected by the death of Jacques Cow, Breton believes to see in Tristan Tzara the reincarnation of the spirit of rebellion of his/her friend: “I could not who await any more the courage which you show. It is towards you that all my glances are turned today. ”.

Projected since the summer preceding, Aragon, Breton and Soupault, the “three musketeers” as liked to call them Paul Valéry, found the review Littérature whose first number appears in February 1919. Met the next month, via Jean Paulhan, Paul Éluard is immediately integrated as full member in the embryo of group which is born. After having made appear Mount of piety which gathers its first poems written since 1913, Breton tests with Soupault l'" automatic writing " : texts written without any reflection, at various speeds, without final improvement nor repented. the Magnetic fields , written in May and June 1919, is published only one year later. Success criticizes in fact a precursory work of the Surréalisme

" Littérature" fact successively of appearing the Poetries of Lautréamont, the fragments of the Magnetic fields and proposes to the writers and to poets moment to answer the question “Why do you write? ”, but Breton dissatisfied remainder of the review. After having met Francis Picabia whose intelligence, humor, charm and promptness allure it, Breton understands that it does not have anything to await the “elder ones”, nor of the heritage of Apollinaire: the avoided new Spirit of the French good sense and its horror of chaos, nor of the alarm clock of Paul Valéry “Mr Teste was betrayed”, not more than modern Cocteau, Radiguet, Drieu La Rochelle perpetuating the tradition of the novel which it rejects (and will always rejetera).

January 23rd, 1920, Tristan Tzara arrives finally at Paris. Passed the disappointment caused by the appearance of a being “if not very charismatic”, Breton, Picabia and Tzara organize the demonstrations Dada which generally cause incomprehension, uproars and scandals, sought-after goals. But as of August, Breton takes its distances with Dada. He refuses to write a foreword with the work of Picabia Jesus-Christ rastaquouère : “I am even surer only dadaism has win, at every moment I realize that I reform it in me. ”

With the end of the year, Breton is engaged by the dressmaker, bibliophile, and modern art lover Jacques Doucet. The latter, “personality éprise of rare and impossible, right what it is necessary of imbalance”, orders letters to him on the literature and painting as of the councils of purchase of works of Article Breton will make him buy to the Young ladies of Avignon of Picasso.

After the “Lawsuit Bars” (May 1921), rejected by Picabia and during which Tzara is complû in an insolence schoolkid, Breton denounces the infantilism of the dadaïstes and their absolute pessimism. On vacation in the Tyrol, Breton benefits from this stay to return visit to Sigmund Freud to Vienna, but the meeting will not have a continuation.

In January 1922, Breton tries to organize a " International congress for the determination of the directives and the defense of the moderne." spirit; The opposition of Tzara prevents the behavior of it. A new series of Literature with Breton and Soupault for directors, recruits new collaborators like Robert Desnos, Roger Vitrac, Rene Crevel, but, definitively hostile with Picabia, Soupault its distances with the surrealist takes. With Crevel, Breton tries out the hypnotic sleeps making it possible to release the speech of the unconscious one. These states of forced sleep go revealed astonishing faculties d'" improvisation" of Benjamin Péret and Desnos. At the end of February 1923, doubting the sincerity of the ones and fearing for the mental health of the others, Breton decides to stop the experiment.

Breton seems tired of all: he considers the activities of journalism of Aragon and Desnos, certainly remunerative, like a waste of time, the writings of Picabia disappoint it, he is carried against the projects of his/her friends always worried to write novels. In a discussion with Roger Vitrac, he entrusts even his intention not to write more. However, during the next summer, he writes the majority of the poems of “ Clair of ground ”.

A brawl with intervention of the police force disturbing the representation of the part of Tzara the Heart with barb , on July 6th, 1922, seals the final rupture between surrealist and dadaïstes.

October 15th, 1924, appears, in separated volume, the Proclamation of surrealism initially designed to be the foreword with the compilation of automatic texts soluble Poisson . Informing the lawsuit of the realistic attitude, Breton evokes the way traversed up to that point and defines this new concept, asserts the rights of imagination, pleads for the marvellous one, the inspiration, childhood and the objective chance.

SURREALISM, N. Mr. pure psychic Automatisme, by which one proposes to express, either verbally, or in writing, or in any other manner, the real operation of the thought. Dictation of the thought, in the absence of any control exerted by the reason, apart from any esthetic or moral concern.
- Encycl. Philosophies. surrealism rests on the belief in the higher reality of certain forms of associations neglected until him, with the absolute power of the dream, the play not involved in the thought. It tends to ruin all the other psychic mechanisms definitively and to replace them in the resolution of the main issues of the vie.

A few days after, the group publishes the lampoon a corpse , written in reaction to the made national funeral with Anatole France: “Parcelled out, Bars, France, let us mark beautiful white sign all the same the year which laid down these three disasters catches: the idiot, the traitor and the police officer. With France, it is a little the human servility which from goes away. how either festival the day when one buries the trick, traditionalism, the patriotism and the lack of heart! ”.

" To transform the monde" and " to change the vie" (1925-1938)

December 1st, 1924, appears the first number of " The surrealist Revolution " , the body of the group which direct Benjamin Péret and Pierre Naville. Breton radicalizes its action and its political position. Its reading of the work of Leon Trotsky on Lénine and the colonial war carried out by France in Rif Morrocan brings it closer to the communist intellectuals. With the collaborators of the reviews " Clarté" and " Philosophie" , the surrealist form a committee and write a common leaflet “ the Revolution initially and always ”.
In January 1927, Aragon, Breton, Éluard, Péret and Pierre Unik adhere to the French Communist party. They are justified of it in the leaflet “ At the great day”. Breton is affected with a cell of gasmen.

October 4th, 1926, it meets Nadja. They are attended each day until October 13rd. She orders in Breton to write " a novel on me. Take guard: very weakens, all disappears. Us it is necessary that something remains… ". Withdrawn with the manor of Ango, close to Varangeville-on-Sea, in the month of August 1927, in company of Aragon, Breton the writing of “ Nadja starts”. In November, at the time of a reading which it makes with the group, Breton meets Suzanne Musard. It is the reciprocal love at first sight. Although it is the mistress of Emmanuel Berl, it shares with Breton an impassioned and stormy adventure. She asks Breton to divorce Simone, it with what he agrees, but braked in its desires of adventure by its taste of comfort and material safety, she marries Berl, without to break definitively. The made relation of ruptures and meeting again will perdurera until January 1931. For it, Breton adds a third part to “ Nadja ”. This unhappy love affair weighs on the mood of Breton: disagreements in the group, detachment of Robert Desnos, dispute in public with Soupault, closing of the Surrealist Gallery due to neglected management… But, with the publication of the “ Second proclamation of the Surrealism ” (December 1929), Breton tries to start again the movement by an effort of going beyond of the revolt founder to reach a better knowledge of reality: " In spite of the steps particular to each one of those which were claimed some or claim some, one will end well up granting that surrealism did not tend to nothing as long as to cause, from the intellectual and moral point of view, a crisis of conscience of the most general species and most serious and that obtaining or not-obtaining this result can only decide its success or of its historical failure. "
Separating from tepid, the esthètes and the rebels, Breton his intransigence by its will of " justifies; to discover this point of the spirit from where the life and death, reality and the imaginary one, the past and the future, the communicable one and the incommunicable one, the top and bottom cease being perceived contradictorily. " " exclus" received proclamation for a settling of score. They react by publishing a lampoon on the model of that written against Anatole France and take again of it the same title “ a corpse ”. Consequently, the adversaries will sâcreront Breton " Pope of the Surrealism ".

" The Revolution surréaliste" fact places at the " Surrealism with the service of Révolution" (SASDLR). Breton and André Thirion launches the idea of a " Association of the artists and writers révolutionnaires". This association is actually created in January 1932 by the leading authorities of the French Communist party, but neither Breton nor Thirion were requested for its realization and their adhesion as that of other surrealist is taken into account only at the end of 1932.

Even if he does not despair to be able to direct the cultural activity of the Parti and to recover the dispersed psychic forces, by reconciling the Freudisme with the Marxisme with the service of the proletariat, Breton does not cease running up against incomprehension and the distrust croissante.
When he denounces the censure of the poetic activity by the political authority which strikes the poem of Aragon “ red Front ”, without hiding the little of regard which he has for this text of pure propaganda, Breton does not defend of it less its author (“ Misère of poetry ”), Aragon repudiates this defense and causes the rupture définitive.
Paul Valiant-Dressmaker reproaches him a text of Ferdinand Alquié, published in the " SASDLR" , denouncing the " systematic wind of cretinisation which blows of the U.S.S.R. ".

In answer to the violent fascistic demonstrations of February 6th, 1934, in front of the National Assembly, Breton launches a “ Appel with the fight ” bound for all the left organizations. Solicited, Leon Blum refuses his support politely.

In June 1935, Breton writes a speech which it must make with the Congress of the writers for the defense of the culture. “ " To transform the monde" , Marx said; " To change the vie" , Rimbaud said; these two watchwords for us do not make of it that a ” is the conclusion of this speech. But following a violent dispute with Ilya Ehrenbourg, this last, delegated Soviet representation, having calumniated the surrealist ones, the participation of Breton is cancelled. One needed the suicide of Rene Crevel so that the organizers concede with Éluard lira the text. The final rupture with the Parti is consumed with the leaflet “ time when the surrealist were right ”.

In 1934, Breton meets Jacqueline Lamba in circumstance close relations of those evoked in the poem “ Tournesol ” writes in 1923. From their union is born a girl, Aube, and “ the Insane Love ”, if similar to “ Nadja ” by its form (account and photographs), opposed so exactly as for their own activity: “ Nadja ” absorbs all, “ the insane Love ” rayon.

In 1938, Breton organizes the first International exhibition of the Surréalisme in Paris. On this occasion, he pronounces a conference on black humor. This same year, he travels to Mexico and meets Frida Kahlo, Diego Rivera and Leon Trotsky with which he writes proclamation “ For an independent revolutionary art ”, bases with the constitution of an International federation of revolutionary art. This initiative is at the origin of the rupture with Éluard.

Exile with insubordination (1939-1966)

Mobilized as of September 1939, Breton is affected in January 1940 in the center of piloting of Poitiers as doctor. The day of the armistice (June 17th), it is in " zone non-occupée" and finds refuge at Pierre Mabille in Living room-of-Provence (Rhone delta), then, joined by Jacqueline and their Aube daughter, at Beautiful the Air villa, in Marseilles, sits of the American Committee of help to the intellectuals created by Varian Fry. In waiting of a visa, the surrealist ones reconstitute a group and mislead the trouble and by exquisite Cadavres drawn makes an attempt and the creation of a play of tarot]]. At the time of a visit in Marseilles of the marshal [[Philippe Pétain|Pétain]], André Breton, denounced like " anarchist dangereux" , is imprisoned on suspicion on a ship during four days, while the censure of Vichy prohibits the publication of the “'' Anthologie of black humor ''” and “'' Fata morgana ''”.
Breton embarks bound for New York on March 25th, 1941 with [[Wifredo Lam]] and [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]]. At the stopover of Fort de France (Martinique), Breton is interned then released in bond. It meets [[Aime Césaire]]. July 14th, it arrives finally at New York. With [[Marcel Duchamp]], Breton founds the review " VVV" and [[Pierre Lazareff]] engages it like " speaker" Pour to read texts which he did not write. (HB) for the emissions of the radio " The Voice of Amérique" bound for France. Jacqueline leaves it for the sculptor [[David Hare]].
December 10th, 1943, Breton meets [[Élisa Claro]]. Together, they travel on the peninsula of Gaspésie to Canada. As of its return to New York, it publishes “'' Arcane 17 ''” born from the " desire to write a book around [[the Star (tarot)|Mystery 17]] Du [[tarot of Marseilles]]. by taking for model a lady which I like… "
To settle the practices question of divorce and remarriage, Breton and Élisa go to Reno in Nevada. It benefits from it to visit the reserves of the Indians Hopis and Zunis. It carried with him works of [[Charles Fourier]].
In December 1945, to the invitation of [[Pierre Mabille]], named attached cultural to Point-with-Clown, Breton goes to Haiti to pronounce conference series there. Its presence coincides with a popular rising which reverses the government in place.Henri Béhar speaks about an attempt at handling about Breton by the soldiers to set up a dictature.
May 25th, 1946, it is of return in France. Invited with the evening of paid homages to [[Antonin Artaud]], it is of a sharp and firm voice that Breton pronounces finally the " two watchwords which do only one of them: To transform the world and to change the vie." speech of André Breton Extrait engraved on a compact-disc inserted in “'' the New books of Rodez ''” of [[Antonin Artaud]], Gallimard " Imaginaire" , Paris 2006 In spite of the difficulties of the rebuilding of France and the beginning of the cold war, Breton intends to continue without any inflection the activities of [[surrealism]]. And the polemics begin again and follow one another: against [[Tristan Tzara]] being presented in the form of a new leader of [[surrealism]], against [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] regarding the surrealist ones as middle-class men, against academics with whom it dismounts the trickery of a so-called new of [[Arthur Rimbaud]], against [[Albert Camus]] and its chapters on [[Count de Lautréamont|Lautréamont]] and surrealism in “'' the Man revolted ''”.
He finds [[Georges Bataille]] for a new International exhibition of [[surrealism]] dedicated to Eros, frequently gives his contest for many unknown artists by prefacing the catalogs of exposure, and takes part in several surrealist reviews like " Médium" , " [[Surrealism]] the même" , " Bief" , " Brêche" …
In 1960, it signs the “'' [[Proclamation of the 121]] '', declaration on the right to insubordination in the war of Algérie.
In 1965, it organizes the 9th surrealist International exhibition entitled " The Variation absolu" in reference to the Utopia [[Charles Fourier|fourierist]].
September 27th, 1966, suffering of a respiratory insufficiency, André Bretpn is repatriated of Saint-Cirq-LapoplieL' old visible inn of the marines on [http://www.quercy-tourisme.com/st-cirq-lapopie/saint-cirq.html site Quercy Tourisme] the à Paris. He dies the following day at the Lariboisière.
hospital Buried with the cemetery of Batignolles, on its tomb the epitaph is engraved: " '' I seek the gold of time ''”. {{beginning quotation}} [[Héraclite]] dying, [[Benoit XIII (antipape)|Pierre de Lune]], [[Marquis de Sade|Sade]], the cyclone with head of birdseed, it [[to tamanoir]]: its greater desire had been to belong to the family of large the indésirables. “Judgment of the author on itself” in the '' complete Œuvres '', fine volume II, p. 663. {{quotation}}
[[Image: Tombe_Andre_Breton_1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Fall from André Breton to the Cemetery of Batignolles to Paris]] [[Image: Tombe_Andre_Breton_2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Fall from André Breton - detail]] ==Un theorist in love with the théorie== {{beginning quotation}} " '' There is at the base of any major reflection a so perfect feeling of our destitution which optimism could not chair it… I believe myself sensitive as much as it may be with an sun ray but that does not prevent from noting that my capacity is unimportant… I return justice to art in my for interior but I defy myself cause seemingly noblest. '' " Lettre with [[Jacques Doucet]], 1 {{er}} February 1929. {{fine quotation}} The adversaries of Breton named it, by derision, the “''' pope of surrealism '''”. However, if the author of the '' Manifestes '' had a decisive influence on this movement, never it was insulated there, never it was not “the chief”: any idea of constraint, that it is soldier, clerical or social, caused in him a major revolt, although he did not hesitate to show of intransigence, if not intolerance, when he considered that the integrity of the surrealist movement was in danger. Presenting what were always its objectives, written Breton: “'' The true life is absent '', said [[Arthur Rimbaud already|Rimbaud]]. It will be the moment not to let pass to reconquer it. In all the fields, I think that it will be necessary to bring to this research all the audacity of which the man is able. ” And Breton adds some watchwords: {{citation_bloc|Persistent faith in the '' automatism '' like probe, persistent hope in the dialectical '' '' (that of [[Héraclite d' Éphèse|Héraclite]], of Eckhart Master, [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]]) for the resolution of the discrepancies which overpower the man, recognition of the '' objective chance '' like possible index of reconciliation of the ends of the nature and the ends of the man to the eyes of this last, will of permanent incorporation to the psychic apparatus of the '' black humor '' which, at a certain temperature can only exploit the part of valve, preparation of a practical nature to an intervention the mythical life, which initially takes, on more the large scales, figure of cleaning|'' The Key of the fields ''}} Without false modesty, Breton was delivered, in the '' Communicating Vases '', with the analysis of one of its [[dream]] S and showed how this '' dream '', emanation of its major impulses, indicated a solution to him which it had not been able to find by the recourse to the conscious activity. For Breton, L ''' love '' is, as the dream, a wonder where the man finds the contact with the major forces. In love with the love, he denounces the company to have too often made relations of the man and the woman a curse, from where would have been born the mystical idea from the single love. However, it protests of all its forces against the idea that the love, under the effect of time for example, is dedicated to a fatal loss. The meeting of the man and the woman reconstitutes “only one block of light”, whose “flesh is sun”. What Breton rehabilitates under the name of '' objective chance '', it is the old belief in the meeting between the human desire and the mysterious forces which act for its realization. But this concept is deprived in its eyes of any mystical base. It is based on its personal experiences of " synchronicités" (cf Bayard, '' Demain is written '', Minuit, 2005) and on the experiments into metapsychic which it observed with [[international Institute metapsychic]]. Its concept of " chance objectif" would thus have badly known sources of inspiration Breton and its interest for metapsychic [http://www.metapsychique.org/Ou-Breton-puisa-son-inspiration.html Breton and its interest for the métapsychique one] . To underline its agreement with [[dialectic materialism]], it quotes [[Friedrich Engels]]: “Causality can be included/understood only in connection with the category of the objective chance, forms manifestation of the '' required ''”. In its works, it [[poetry|poet]] lengthily analyzes the phenomena of objective chance of which he was the upset recipient. '' [[Nadja]] '' seems to have a capacity mediumnic which enables him to predict certain events. Thus she announces that such window will light of a red light, which occurs almost immediately with the eyes of Breton filled with wonder. Michel Zeraffa tried to summarize the theory of Breton thus: “Cosmos is a cryptogram which contains a decoder: the man. ” ('' the surrealism '', talks directed by F. Alquié). Thus one measures the evolution of [[poetic Art]] of [[Symbolism (art)|symbolism]] with surrealism, of [[Nerval]] and [[Charles Baudelaire]] in Breton (see: “Nature is a temple where alive pillars/Laissent sometimes to leave confused words; /The man passes there through forests of symbols/Which observe it with familiar glances. ” '' Correspondances '', [[Flowers of the evil]]). L ''' [[humor|black humor]] '' is an essential spring of surrealism. The negation which it comprises of the principle of reality is the base even. Black humor, as works of [[Count de Lautréamont show it|Lautréamont]] and of Jarry, “can only play the part of valve”. And it is not a chance, if the '' Anthologie of Black Humor '' were published in this dark year [[1939]], where the loss of [[Spain]] was consumed, where already, most of [[Europe]] was invaded. However the love of the life, the insane love, prevented Breton from falling into this despair. Rather than of black humor, it is necessary to speak, in connection with its work, like that of [[Benjamin Péret]], of a “synthesis of the imitation of nature in its accidental forms, on the one hand, and of humor, on the other hand, as a paradoxical triumph of the pleasure principle on the real conditions. ” (Michel Carrouges) ==Œuvre== Complete works of André Breton were published by Gallimard in three volumes in [[Library of the Pleiad]] under the direction of Marguerite Bonnet. {{OCLC|20526303}} ===Essais=== * [[Proclamation of surrealism]] ([[1924]], [[1930]], [[1946]], 1962) * '' Surrealism and Painting '' ([[1928]], 1965) * Second proclamation of Surrealism ([[1929]], 1962) * '' [[Anthology of black humor]] '' ([[1940]]) * '' Prolégomènes with a third expresses or not '' ([[1942]], 1962) * '' Red-handed '' ([[1949]]); Breton denounces like forgery an alleged manuscript of Rimbaud. * '' Of surrealism in its works sharp '' ([[1954]]) * '' magic Art '', Adam Biro, 2003, with Gerard LegrandReproduction of a work published in 1957, remained practically untraceable since its publication. They are a universal history art, prehistoric origins until the contemporary time, but of a history of art revisited by the surrealist glance and the thought. Republished in the shape of a large book of art abundantly it. ===Poesy and accounts poétiques=== * '' Mont of piety '' ([[1919]]) * '' the Magnetic fields '', with [[Philippe Soupault]], written in 1919, published in 1920 * '' Clair of ground '' ([[1923]]) * '' Not-lost the '' (1924) * '' soluble Poisson '' (1924) * '' [[Nadja (André Breton)|Nadja]] '' ([[1928]], 1963) * '' communicating Vases '' ([[1932]]) * '' Point of the '' day ([[1934]]) * '' [[insane Love]] '' ([[1937]]) * '' Arcane 17 '' ([[1944]]) * '' Poèmes '' ([[1948]]) * '' the Key of the fields '' ([[1953]]) to ==Voir aussi== {{other projects|1=André_Breton|q=André Breton}} ===Bibliographie=== ==== Biography ==== * [[Henri Béhar]], '' André Breton large undesirable the '', Beech, 2005,554 pages, new re-examined and ressourcée edition (first edition at Calmann-Levy, 1990). * Marguerite Bonnet “Chronology of André Breton”, in '' André Breton: complete works '', [[Library of the Pleiad]], Gallimard, 1988. * Philippe Hamon and Denis Roger-Vasselin (under the direction of) “'' the Robert of the great writers of French language ''” Dictionaries the Robert, Paris, 2000. * Polizzotti mark, '' André Breton '', Gallimard Biographies, 1999,844 pages. ==== Tests, studies and testimonys ==== * Sarane Alexandrian, '' André Breton by itself '', collection Writers of always, Threshold 1971 * Marguerite Bonnet, '' André Breton, birth of surrealism '', Jose Corti, 1975. * Michel Carrouges, '' André Breton and fundamental data of Surrealism '', N.R.F. * [[Charles Duits]], '' André Breton has it says master key '', Maurice Nadeau, 1991, {{ISBN|2-86231-097-2}} * [[Julien Gracq]], '' André Breton, some aspects of the writer '', Jose Corti, 1948. * Philippe Lavergne, '' André Breton and the myth '', Jose Corti, 1985. ==== Others ==== * '' André Breton the convulsive beauty '', catalogs exposure, Editions of [[the National center of art and Georges-Pompidou culture|Center Pompidou]], 1991,512 pages. === related Articles === * [[Surrealism]] * [[Chronology of dadaism and surrealism]] * [[Dadaism]] * The article devoted to with “[[exquisite Corpse]]” ===Liens externes=== * {{Fr}} [http://www.atelierandrebreton.com André Breton Workshop: files and personal collections of André Breton] * {{Fr}} [http://www.larevuedesressources.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=30/ Street Fountain: on André Breton and the sale of the street Fountain] * [mp3] [http://kim.sakkat.free.fr/art/andre-breton.html I call Mr André Breton] (+ 4 hours of talks) ==Citations== * “the poet and the moralist never are so well granted in him but to support and illustrate two causes which in its spirit do only one of them: that of the woman and that of the blazing love [...] This large was the least timid of all the modern French writers. ”, [[Andre Pieyre de Mandiargues]] “'' Third view-point ''”, Gallimard, 1971 == Notes and references == {{References | columns = 2}} {{Gate literature}} {{DEFAULTSORT: Breton, Andre}} [[Category: French writer of the XXe century]] [[Category: French poet]] [[Category: Norman writer]] [[Category: The Libertarian]] [[Category: Surrealism]] [[Category: Personality of the French Communist party]] [[Category: Birth in 1896]] [[Category: Death in 1966]] [[Category: Dadaism]] [[Category: Dream]] [[bg: АндреБретон]] [[bs: André Breton]] [[Ca: André Breton]] [[Cs: André Breton]] [[cy: André Breton]] [[of: André Breton]] [[el: Αντρέ Μπρετόν]] [[in: André Breton]] [[eo: André Breton]] [[be: André Breton]] [[F: آندرهبرتون]] [[fi: André Breton]] [[gl: André Breton]] [[He: אנדרהברטון]] [[hr: André Breton]] [[hu: André Breton]] [[it: André Breton]] [[ja: アンドレ・ブルトン]] [[ka: ანდრებრეტონი]] [[KB: 앙드레브르통]] [[nl: André Breton]] [[No: André Breton]] [[pl: André Breton]] [[Pt: André Breton]] [[ro: André Breton]] [[Ru: Бретон, Андре]] [[Sr: АндреБретон]] [[sv: André Breton]] [[tr: André Breton

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