Hildegard Peplau

Hildegard E. Peplau , Doctor in education (Ed.D) was born on September 1st, 1909, in Reading, Pennsylvania - the United States of America and died on March 17th, 1999 at the 89 years age. It was a theorician of the care male nurses whose principal work is included in its work “ Interpersonal relationships in care male nurses ” published in 1952.

In his research, Doctor Peplau stressed the importance of the relation nurse-customer like one of the bases of the practice nurse.

At its time, its conclusions on the exchange nurse-patient (which it indicates by give-and-take ) were perceived as revolutionists by much: for the first time it established a model of interpersonal relationships, based on the need for a partnership between the nurse and the looked after person, being opposed to the passivity of the customer receiving medical care (and the nurse acting passively behind the orders of the doctor). For much, it contributed to the emergence of the autonomisation of the profession of nurse, in the line of the nurses theoricians interactionnists, like Florence Nightingale at its time, by proposing a model of thought nurse.

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The theory of a shared experiment

The gasoline of the theories of Peplau is the creation of a shared experiment. She affirmed that the nurses can contribute to it in particular by their observations, their descriptions, their formualtions, their interpretations, their validations and their interventions.

For example, when the nurse pays attention to her patient, it thus develops a general image of the situation of the patient; the nurse validates then her impressions by checking them near the patient with exactitude, in particular using a anamnèse. According to Peplau, the result of this exchange will give place for the patient as for the expert to an experimental training, improved strategies of adaptation and a personal growth.

The model of Peplau

Stages of the development of the relation nurse-patient

The analysis of Peplau seeks to study how each person reacts vis-a-vis the disease and how in this context the relation nurse-patient will be established and evolved/moved.

the stage of orientation (“ orientation phase ”)
the stage of identification (“ identification phase ”)
the stage of exploitation (“ exploitation Phase ”)
the stage of resolution (“ resolution phase ”)

Six important roles of the nurse

The six roles described by Peplau illustrate a diagram with the dynamic, typical character according to it of the clinical practice nurse.

the role of nobody foreign (“ stranger role”): the expert accommodates the person like a person with whole share, with her experiment and her Histoire of life; she takes account of the various aspects, étalissant a favorable climate with the communication and a mutual confidence.
the role of nobody resource (“ resource role”): the expert answers the questions, gives the explanations and the interpretation of the medical data; she gives him useful informations and relevant.
the educational role (“ teaching role”): the expert gives insctructions and takes part in the education of the person; she analyzes the degree of comprehension of the person and adapts the educational process.
the role of leader in Care male nurses (“ activates leadership role”): the expert helps the person to imply herself actively in the care which is lavished to him; it old so that the person is satisfied with the service.
the role of substitute “ (“ surrogate role”): the expert acts for stage with the Besoin S for a person; she helps it to clarify the nature of this relation which can induce a dependence by false identification, by giving him reference marks.
the role of adviser, psychosocial assistant” (“ counseling role”): the expert helps the person to include/understand and accept the changes of her health condition; she gets guidance to him to improve her lifestyle vis-a-vis the changes and encourages it to do it.

Work and accademic rewards

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