Hiéron II is Tyran of Syracuse between -270 and -215. He founds his authority by putting in rout the Mamertin S, of the Italic brigands of origin who seized Messine. He receives the title of king.

He is combined with Rome against Carthage during the First Punic War and a tribute of to him -263 with pours -248. Its grandson Hiéronyme succeeds to him.

In addition to being a courageous soldier, Hiéron II is a well-read man who composes of the books of agronomy. It manages its kingdom like a sovereign hellenistic. It borrows from the Lagides the political tendencies of the lex Hieronica , which organizes the perception of the tax on land on the royal peasants and limit the profit of the farmers general. It maintains a powerful fleet and makes improve the fortifications of the Château of Euryale, undoubtedly with the assistance of Archimedes. The trade and the industry of art remain flourishing. Hiéron intervenes even in the East to help the famished Egypt and Rhodos destroyed by a seism.