Henri d\' Artois

Biography

He is the grandson of the king Charles X of France and the posthumous son of the second wire of this one, Charles Ferdinand d' Artois (1778-1820) (which had been assassinated several months before the birth of Henri d' Artois) and of its wife Marie Caroline of Deux-Siciles (1798-1870). With its birth and until the abdication of his grandfather it is titrated duke of Bordeaux . Then in exile it takes the title of courtesy of “count of Chambord”, of the name of the castle which had been offered to him by a national subscription.

In 1846, Henri d' Artois married Marie-Therese of Modena.

The August 2nd 1830, Charles X abdicates in favor of its Henri grandson. The Salic law however gave the throne to the oldest son of Charles X, the dolphin Louis Antoine of France (“Louis XIX”) which, as unpopular as Charles X, had to contresign the abdication of his/her father to transmit the crown to its nephew (as his partisans named “Henri V consequently”) not without to have hesitated during a score of minutes during which it was indeed " Louis XIX of France and Navarre".

However the Parliament calls with the throne a cousin moved away, Louis Philippe, duke of Orleans, which becomes Louis-Philippe Ier on August 7th. Meanwhile, from August 2nd to 7th, the small duke of Bordeaux was fictitiously the “king Henri V” and Louis-Philippe, lieutenant-general of the kingdom. The royal ex-family leaves in exile the August 16th 1830.

In 1828, Charles X had entrusted his education to the baron de Damas, who was so devout that his/her colleagues officers, of his own consent, had caricatured it “tie of its sleeve a candle instead of a sword”. The religion indeed occupied a great part in the life of the baron so much so that he did not see useful lessons, in complement of the art of warfare, than those drawn from catechism. This teacher of another age, “emigrant in the middle pure and with the short ideas”, according to the duke of Castries, whose sons had studied among Jesuits, deplored the republication of works of Voltaire, and amply contributed to transform the future Henri V, in such a devout catholic “who confuses in the same faith the religious dogma and the monarchical principle”. To a visitor who considered it regrettable that the baron of Damas made give a too religious education to the duke of Bordeaux, he was answered: “if the baron of Damas made of his pupil Saint-Louis, of what would France have it to complain? ”. Pushing Henri in the way of the restoration since 1845, the baron wrote to him of Hautefort: “One needs a new authority founded on another principle that of the human rights, and God will give birth to it, or the company will perish”. It is indeed this company of the order, temporarily incarnated by Mac-Mahon, that the lines monarchists call their wishes in 1873. October 27th, 1873, Henri V writes of Salzburg with Pierre-Charles Chesnelong in a letter published by the Union that its ambition is “to ensure with energy the reign of the law, and especially not to fear to employ the force with the service of the order and justice”

In 1832, his/her mother tries to cause a rising in the west of France but the attempt fails one year before its majority.

After the death of his/her grandfather in 1836 then of his/her uncle in 1844, Henri d' Artois becomes the elder one of the family. Its partisans the legitimists remain in the opposition under the Monarchie of July of Louis-Philippe Ier, the Second Republic and the Second Empire.

In 1871, the Empire crumbles after the defeat in the Guerre free-Prussian. Otto von Bismarck makes organize elections to negotiate the Traité of Frankfurt. This assembly mainly royalist is divided between legitimists and orleanists. To allow the monarchical restoration desired by this assembly, an agreement is reached between the two parties on the preeminence of the “count de Chambord” on the “count de Paris”. This one is recognized by the orleanists and certain legitimists heir to the “count de Chambord”, without child (whereas the cousin nearest to the “count de Chambord” according to the salic law is the “count de Montizón” Jean de Bourbon). In 1873, the access to the throne of the “count de Chambord” seems inescapable and it makes carry out a series of fit with body (visible with the Château of Chambord) for its entry in Paris. It is expected that the marshal of Mac-Mahon, president of the Republic, leads the “count de Chambord” to the Parliament for making there recognize king by acclamation. However this one, by the proclamation of the white flag of the July 5th 1871 reiterated by letter the October 23rd 1873, refuses to give up the white flag for the Tricolor, heritage of the Révolution, ruining the hopes of a fast monarchical restoration. Charles Maurras will write later: “he was priest and pope of the royalty rather than king. ”

The orleanists (in favor of the constitutional Monarchy of July) and certain legitimists depities then decide to await the death of the “count de Chambord” to introduce a more diplomatic candidate, the “count de Paris” Philippe of Orleans. With this intention, they decide to increase the duration presidential mandate to seven years, the republic being considered like temporary.

But after the death of Henri d' Artois in 1883, the public opinion had adopted the Republic like forms government which divides us less , to take again the words of Adolphe Thiers and the elections had led to the Parliament a Republican majority. Any hope of monarchical restoration disappeared, and the name of " République" appeared officially.

Died of Henri d' Artois in exile with Frohsdorf (Austria) in 1883, his/her cousin and brother-in-law, Jean de Bourbon (born in 1822), succeeds to him like elder of the Capétiens, Henri d' Artois not having a direct descent.

“Henri V” is buried with Nova Gorica (maintaining in Slovenia, in this time still under the Austria-Hungary).

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