Henri IV of the Holy roman Empire

See also: Henri, Henri IV

Henri IV , born the November 11th 1050 and dead the August 7th 1106, is the King of the Romans of 1056 with 1084, then Germanic Roman Emperor until his death in 1106. He is the son of the emperor Henri III and Agnès of Aquitaine.

With died of Henri III, the elder one of its sons, Henri is yet only one child. The German dukes benefit from this moment of weakness of the capacity for émanciper. Henri is even removed by the Annon archbishop of Cologne. It is his/her mother, Agnès of Aquitaine which ensures regency during this time disturbed for Germanic monarchy.

He marries Berthe of Turin (1051-1087), girl of Odon, count de Savoie and of Adelaide de Suse who gives him five children:

  • Adelaide (1070 - 1079)
  • Henri (born and died in 1071)
  • Agnes (1072 - 1143), future wife of Frederic Ier duke of Souabe and - after its death - of Léopold III Babenberg of Austria
  • Conrad duke of Lothier (1074 - 1101)
  • Henri which succeeded to him under the name of Henri V (1086 - 1125)

After death der Berthe the December 27th 1087, Henri marries Adélaïde of Kiev the August 14th 1089. The marriage remains without children east will be divorced in 1095.

In 1064, Henri IV is major. It must face the problems in Germany but also in Italy and runs up against the resistance of the nobility saxonne which it ends up subduing in 1075 and represses severely.

Quarrel of the Nominations

When the pope Gregoire VII claims to remove the secular right of the emperors to him to invest the bishops on their territory, he rebels and sees excommunicated in 1076. Consequently, it has very to fear of a sling of the dukes of the Empire which this judgment unties of their oath of fidelity in his connection. It must resign in 1077 to beseech the forgiveness of sovereign pontiff in front of the castle of Canossa. This episode is at the origin of expressions like to go to canossa or to make its way of Canossa .

However, Henri does not give up. Again excommunicated in 1080, it tries this time to reverse Gregoire VII with the profit of an other candidate to the papacy which one retained under the name of Clément III. In March 1084, it makes the seat of Rome, forcing its enemy with the exile in Salerno where it died the following year.

It however fails in its attempt to control the pontifical capacity and must face the rebellion of its two Conrad sons and Henri, encouraged by the pope Pascal II. Deposited with the diet of Mainz, in 1105. He dies in Liege, in a great distress, on August 7th 1106, always under the blow of an excommunication which deprives it of the right to a Christian burial.

See too

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