Henri II of the Holy roman Empire

See also: Henri, Henri II

Henri II , known as the Saint , born in May 973 (according to certain sources, on May 6th) and died in 1024, is the sixth and last emperor of the Saint Worsens Roman Germanic of the dynasty saxonne and ottonienne, it reigns of 1014 with its death. It corègne with its wife, Cunégonde of Luxembourg.

Duke of Bavaria, king of Germany in 1002, crowned Germanic Roman Emperor in Rome in 1014. He married holy Cunégonde, girl of the count of the Luxembourg, which had made vow of chastity. He carried out a pious life, and developed the monachism. He had to fight Boleslas I {{er}}, duke of Poland. He created the archbishop's palace of Bamberg, where he is buried. Died in 1024 in Göttingen, in Prussia, and buried in Bamberg. Canonized in 1200 with its Cunégonde wife.

Youth

He is the son of Henri the Quarreller, duke of Bavaria: often in conflict with the emperors, this one is often exiled. Henri the Saint is thus often accommodated by the Church, initially by the bishop Abraham de Freising, then to be informed there, at the school cathedral of Hildesheim. He succeeds his father like duke of Bavaria in 995 under the name of Henri IV of Bavaria .

King de Germanie

It is on the way towards Rome to help his cousin there (resulting from Germain) the emperor Otton III, when this one dies, in January 1002. It seizes the badges of king de Germanie quickly, to face those which are opposed so that it succeeds his cousin. Its rivals, Eckhard de Meissen and the duke Hermann II of Souabe dispute this election , but it is crowned on June 7th with Mainz thanks to the support of the archbishop of Mainz, Willigis.

It spends the following years to consolidate its capacity in shifts on the borders. It must initially face the Polish attacks of Boleslas Chrobry, that it bldg. It leaves then to Italy to face Arduin d' Ivrée, car-proclaimed king d' Italie and who carries out the revolt against the Germans (fire of the imperial palace of Pavia). It made there crown king and manages to restore the essence of the Germanic authority in the north of the peninsula but part of the Italian nobility will refuse a long time to recognize it. It must give up this countryside difficult and full with atrocities to turn over to Poland to fight Boleslas, allied with the Lithuania NS against the Polish Christian. These campaigns last for ever until the peace of Bautzen in 1018, by which Boleslas preserves the Lusace and the Misnie but must give up the Bohemia.

In 1006, it makes close the last markets of slaves of the Empire.

Germanic emperor

Henri II conducts a new campaign in Italy in 1013 and arrives to Rome, where the pope Benoît VIII crowns it emperor the February 16th 1014. He intervenes like his predecessors, in the businesses of the Église. It is besides in the field of the relations between the Empire and the Church, and in the inner working of the Church that its most significant interventions are. He supports the bishops against the regular clergy, who manage to reconcile their secular capacity on their territories with their spiritual power. He reinforces the obligation of celibacy of the clergy, so that the gifts of ground do not go to the heirs, which guarantees to him faithful bishops and thus a support against the noble rebels and the ambitious families. He founds the évêché of Bamberg in 1007, which quickly becomes a center of culture.

In 1020, the pope devotes this news Cathédrale and convinces it to return for a third and last countryside to Italy. In 1022, it leads a powerful army on the Adriatic coast. The archbishop of Cologne goes down along the Tyrrhenian coast to subject Capoue, which it does by capturing the prince, Pandulf IV. A third army, smaller, ordered by Poppo d' Aquilée, follows the Apennines. The three armies meet for the seat of Troia, the new Byzantine fortress, defended by the Catapan Basil Boiannes. Henri made there carry out the prince félon of Capoue, while pushing back the fateful moment until the last moment. It fails in the head office of Troia, but the south of Italy passes under its authority. On the way of the return, it takes part in a synod with Pavia, where it defends the reform of the Church.

In 1023, the interview of Yvois, close to the abbey of Mouzon (from August 6th to 13rd), it gives up requiring of the king de France Robert II the Piles a homage, probably by humility.

He works then with the pope with a new council to confirm the novel mode of operation between the Church and the Empire, but he dies suddenly in 1024. No child not having incipient from his marriage with Cunégonde of Luxembourg, the union of the couple was generally regarded as virginal, which involved the canonization of the sovereigns and the need for a new election at the time of the succession. It is Conrad Salic the which, not without tumult, is selected.

Considered for its piety, and its role in the reform of the Church, it is canonized in 1146; contradiction with what precedes it is the only Germanic emperor to be canonized (in-outside Charlemagne, whose canonization in 1165 concerns imperial propaganda).

The Saint-Henri in the almanacs

  • the name of Henri is resulting from the Germain “heim” (house) and “rik” (king).

  • Saying: “When returns the Saint Henri (July 13rd), You plant your celery”. On July 13rd (on July 15th previously) celebrates.

See too

  • Other saints called Henri: Holy Henri

Sources

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