Henri Cartan
Henri Cartan , wire of Élie Cartan and Marie-Louise Bianconi, is a Mathématicien French, born the July 8th 1904 with Nancy. He is usually regarded as one of the French mathematicians most influential of his time. He is known for his work on the functions of several complex variables, the Topologie (beams, complexes of Eilenberg-Mac Lane) and the homological Algèbre. He was one of the founding members of the group Bourbaki.
Studies
According to his clean dires, Henri Cartan was interested very young by mathematics, but without being for as much influenced by his father.
Henri Cartan followed secondary studies to the Lycée Shakes with Versailles. In 1923, it entered to the National university of the street of Ulm (Paris). He knew André Weil, entered in 1922 at the 16 years age. Henri Cartan obtained his doctorate in 1928 under the direction of Paul Montel: its thesis related to the Analyze complexes.
Career
Of 1928 with 1929, it taught with the Lycée Malherbe of Caen, then was of 1929 with 1931 part-time lecturer to the Faculty of Science of the university of Lille.In 1931, it was named part-time lecturer to the Faculty of Science of the Université of Strasbourg then university lecturer. Following a publication on the ringed fields, Henri Cartan was invited in Germany with the Université of Münster in May 1931. He met then Heinrich Behnke like his assistant Peter Thullen; they became friendly and published together a paper in Mathematische Annalen of 1932 (the Cartan-Thullen theorem). Henri Cartan was again invited in Germany in 1937. January 14th 1935 took place the first meeting of the future members of the Bourbaki group. The first congress was held in Besse-in-Chandesse in July. Were in particular present Szolem Mandelbrojt, Jean Dieudonné, Claude Chevalley and André Weil:
This was the beginning off has mathematical renewal. Almost all I know in mathematics I learned from and with the Bourbaki group.
In 1936 it was named professor.
In September 1939 burst the Second world war. Following the evacuation of Strasbourg (date necessary), Henri Cartan taught one year with Clermont-Ferrand. In November 1940, it was named university lecturer of general mathematics to the Faculty of Science of the Université of Paris and was responsible for the teaching of mathematics to the National university. His/her brother, the physicist Louis Cartan, was resistant during the Occupation. He was stopped and off-set in February 1943; condemned to dead in August, and it was carried out in December of the same year. Henri learned his death in May 1945, at the end of the war. Henri continued to keep contacts in Germany during this period. He facilitated at the end of the war the bringing together between French and German mathematicians. Henri Cartan is in charge of the courses of mathematics of the University of industrial physics and chemistry of the town of Paris in 1945. Henri Cartan is detached from 1945 to 1947 with the Faculty of Science of the Université Louis Pasteur of Strasbourg.
In November 1946, Henri Cartan visited the Research institute of Oberwolfach. In January 1948, it was invited to the university of Chicago by Weil. It met Eilenberg then. He visited the university of Harvard from February to May. In 1949 it is named professor with the Faculty of Science of the Université of Paris. In 1950, he becomes president of the Mathematical Company of France.
In 1965 it leaves its functions with the ENS. In 1969, it named professor with the Faculty of Science of Orsay (then university Paris XI).
To the Teacher training school, it directed famous the Séminaires Cartan between 1948 and 1964.
Of 1967 with 1970, he is the president of the international mathematical Union. He was elected member of the Academy of Science on January 28th 1974, and since became member various academies.
He took his retirement in 1975.
Political combat
In 1974, Cartan engaged for the release of the Russian mathematician Leonid Plyushch, retained by the Soviet authorities in a psychiatric hospital. It organized a call to the signature in Vancouver. It founded on the occasion the Comité of the mathematicians, which on several occasions met the League of the Human rights of Paris. Leonid Plyushch was released in January 1976. The committee defended thereafter various mathematicians in the world, whose political positions endangered them. Today exists the Defense committee of the Scientists.
On the political plan, Henri Cartan defends the idea of a European federalism. Of 1974 with 1985, he was President of the European federalistic Mouvement. In 1984, it is presented in the form of a candidate for the European Parliament and it leads the " List for the United States d' Europe" with the European elections, collecting 0,4% of the votes cast.
Distinctions
- Price Wolf of mathematics in 1980.
- Price Pagels of the Academy of Science of New York for its political commitment in favor of the recognition of the human rights.
Work
He worked inter alia on the complex functions of variables, the theory of the Faisceau X and the homological algebra.
He in particular published the book Homological Algebra , with Samuel Eilenberg.
References
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