Hemichordata (phylogenetic classification)

Introduction

This page has the aim of presenting a Phylogenetic tree Hemichordata (or Hemichordés), i.e. a tree clarifying the complex evolutionary relations (relations ancestral groups - downward groups) existing between the various living organisms, or taxed, component this group. Because of its new methods based on molecular biology, the Phylogeny, recent science at the origin of the phylogenetic Classification of alive, is in full rise and sometimes in contradiction with old the traditional Classification, mainly based, it, on morphological and physiological criteria. Also, certain particular points are sometimes still the debate object within the scientific community. The objective, if it is necessary, is also to present the latter ici.
This tree presents the still existing organizations as well today as the extinct groups (including the fossil groups).

Phylogenetic tree

Summarized tree

└─o Hemichordata ├─o Planctosphaeroidea ├─o Enteropneusta └─o Graptolithina lato sensu ├─? Graptoblasti (extinct) ├─? Acanthastida (extinct) ├─o Cephalodiscida ├─o Rhabdopleuroidea └─o Graptolithina strictly speaking or Graptolitha (extinct) ├─o Dendroidea (extinct) ├─o Tuboidea (extinct) ├─o Camaroidea (extinct) └─o Graptoloidea (extinct)

Developed tree

└─o Hemichordata ├─o Planctosphaeroidea ├─o Enteropneusta │ ├─? Tornaria │ ├─o Torquaratoridae │ ├─o Saxipendidae │ ├─o Ptychoderidae │ ├─o Spengalidae │ └─o Harrimanidae └─o Graptolithina lato sensu ├─? Graptoblasti (extinct) ├─? Acanthastida (extinct) ├─o Cephalodiscida │ ├─o Eocephalodiscidae (extinct) │ ├─? Atubaridae │ └─o Cephalodiscidae ├─o Rhabdopleuroidea │ ├─o Rhabdopleuroididae (extinct) │ ├─o Rhabdopleuritidae (extinct) │ ├─o Stolonodendridae (extinct) │ └─o Rhabdopleuridae └─o Graptolithina strictly speaking or Graptolitha (extinct) ├─? Mastigograptidae (extinct) ├─o Dendroidea (extinct) │ ├─o Dendrograptidae (extinct) │ ├─o Anisograptidae (extinct) │ ├─o Acanthograptidae (extinct) │ ├─o Ptilograptidae (extinct) │ └─o Chaunograptidae (extinct) ├─o Tuboidea (extinct) │ ├─o Tubidendridae (extinct) │ └─o Idiotubidae (extinct) ├─o Camaroidea (extinct) │ ├─o Bithecocamaridae (extinct) │ └─o Cysticamaridae (extinct) └─o Graptoloidea (extinct) ├─o Dichograptidae (extinct) ├─o Corynographidae (extinct) ├─o Cryptograptidae (extinct) ├─o Leptograptidae (extinct) ├─o Dicranograptidae (extinct) ├─o Diplograptidae (extinct) ├─o Lasiograptidae (extinct) ├─o Retiolitidae (extinct) ├─o Dimorphograptidae (extinct) └─o Monograptidae (extinct)

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Discusses scientific relating to the phylogeny of Hemichordata

Within this clade, old the Ptérobranches is paraphyletic, certain being closer to Graptolithes than other members of the taxon.

The place of Hémicordés among Deutérostomiens is discussed: they are arranged among Ambulacraires with Echinodermata, or among Pharyngotrèmes with Cordés.

Bibliographical sources of reference

Other bibliographical sources

Sources Internet

Internal bonds

Hemichordata
Eukaryota (phylogenetic classification)

Metazoa (phylogenetic classification)

Phylogenetic tree (introduction)

detailed Phylogenetic tree of the whole of alive the

taxinomic Photo-guide of the animal world
general Repertory of the zoology resources

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