Heinrich Heine

Biography

The son of the fabric merchant, of a family of the Jewish middle-class in process of emancipation, is still adolescent when he writes his first poems of love. He is enthusiast of one of his cousins, Amalie (which he calls Molly, because he is fetishistic letter M). It is marmoreal and inaccessible. It is the girl of the uncle Solomon, the rich uncle, the uncle who will be his patron. D' Amalie, it will make at the same time its mourning (that will take time to him) and its honey ( the Book of the Songs ).

Its peregrinations to Germany followed (Goethe had launched the fashion), from where emerged its Tableaux of voyage . It is its literary birth, at least as prosator, a mixture with his way of things seen and reflections where he becomes his principal character. “What I cannot see by observing the things of outside, I see it while putting to me in them. ” Of the blow here it is the journalist with the Neue Allgemeine Politische Annalen : “Me, whose favorite occupation is to observe the passage of the clouds, of tightening the ear to the secrecies, it was necessary me to expose the interests of the time, to poke revolutionary aspirations…

Heine passed its life pulled about by the incompatible elements of its identities Jewish and German, in particular for what the access to the university pulpits concerned, an ambition secretly cherished by Heine. Not only it does not achieve its goal, but others - of which his/her cousin and patron, the type-setter Meyerbeer - did not have to reach the stage of conversion to profit from such advantages.

In 1831, it settles in Paris where it will be more celebrated Germans. Large land-surveyor of the city, he is a pedestrian baudelairien before the hour, including in the frequentation of the prostitutes. He often moves. One knows at least sixteen addresses to him, generally in the district of Montmartre. In 1834, it is put in household with Augustine Crescence Mirat, whom it renames Mathilde and whom it marries in 1841. He attends the Socialists utopians like the Count of Saint-Simon.

In 1843, it goes to Germany, but the government proscribed its works. The following year, it makes appear Deutschland: Ein Wintermärchen ( Germany: a tale of winter ) and its friend Karl Marx publishes an article in its magazine Ahead . It also makes publish Atta Troll: Ein Sommernachtstraum ( a dream in the middle of the summer ).

In 1848, it becomes grabataire, embanked by syphilis (as it believes it itself) or myopathy (according to the description of its disease). It also returns to poetry, where intermingle the elegy, the intimate confession, the political hope.

Posterity

Heine was at the same time a romantic poet and that which surmounted the Romantisme. It legitimated the current language in poetry, raised the serial and the account of voyage in the form of art and conferred on the German language a lightness and a stylistic elegance seldom reached. As a journalist, essay writer, satirist and engaged polemist, he was admired as much than fears. He is one of the most translated poets German language.

Many its poems were transposed in music, in particular by Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann.

Among the books that the Nazi S made burn on Opernplatz (Place of the Opera) of Berlin in 1933, were the works of the Heine Jew - its most famous quotation is precisely: Those which burn the books end early or late up burning men. ( Almansor , 1821); The " Lied von DER Lorelei " , which appeared in the school handbooks as being " of a inconnu" author; (!) did not appear in roughing-hew it.

Works

Gedichte (Poems), 1821.
Tragödien, nebst einem lyrischen Intermezzo , F. Dümmler, Berlin, 1823.
Reisebilder (Tables of voyage), Hoffmann und Camps, Hamburg, 1826-31.
Die Harzreise (the voyage of the heart), 1826.
Ideen, das Buch Large the (Ideas: the book of the Large one), 1827.
Englische Splits up (English Fragments), 1827.
Buch der Lieder (the Book of the songs), Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg, 1827.
Französische Zustände (French Characteristics), Heideloff und Campe, Leipzig, 1833.
Zur Geschichte DER neueren schönen Literatur in Deutschland (Of the history of the news and beautiful literature in Germany), Heideloff und Campe, Paris/Leipzig, 1833.
Die romantische Schule (the romantic School), Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg, 1836.
DER Living room (the Living room), Hoffmann und Camps, Hamburg, 1836-40.
Shakspeares Maedchen und Frauen , Brockhaus und Avenarius, Leipzig, 1839.
Über Ludwig Börne (In connection with Ludwig Börne), Hoffmann und Camps, Hamburg, 1840.
Neue Gedichte (late Poems), Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg, 1844.
Deutschland. Ein Wintermärchen (Germany - a tale of Winter), Hoffmann und Camps, Hamburg, 1844.
Atta Troll. Ein Sommernachtstraum (Atta Troll - one night Dream of summer), 1847
Romanzero , Hoffmann und Camps, Hamburg, 1851.
Der Doktor Faust (Doctor Faust), Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg, 1851.
the Gods in Exile , A. Lebègue, Brussels, 1853.
Lutezia , 1854.
Letzte Gedichte und Gedanken (Last thoughts and poems), 1869 - posthumous.
Written Jewish , Editions of the Pike perch.

Studies on Heine

Gerhard Höhn, Heinrich Heine: a modern intellectual . Paris, university Presses of France, 1994; 190 pages. ISBN: 2-13-045817-3.
Marie-Angel Mallet, Heinrich Heine . Paris, Editions Belin 2006 (= German Voices. Vol. 12), 223 pages, Euro 16,50
Norbert Waszek, " The pantheist excursion in the History of the religion and philosophy in Germany (1834/35) of Heinrich Heine". - In: God and nature. The question of pantheism in the German idealism . ED. by Christophe Bouton. Hildesheim, Olms, 2005 Memoria, data base 40, pp. 159-178. ISBN: 3-487-12834-9.

Poem

Ah! I have the nostalgia of tears, Tears of love, soft to suffer, And I fear that this nostalgia Does not end up being exaucée.

Ah! The soft misery of the love And of the love the land-mark pleasure Slip again, divine torments, In my hardly cured chest.

He also wrote Lorelei.

New spring, XII , 1828

They tortured me each day, blue sorrows, the pale sorrows Ones with their love, others with their hatred.

They poisoned my bread, poured venom in my glass Ones with their love, others with their hatred.

But that which always caused me the hardest sorrow Never for me love had, never had for me haine"

External bonds

2006 “Heine year”
“Heinrich-Heine-Portal (works”
Site devoted to Heinrich Heine
Michel Tournier, " Heine, poet and prophète" in '' the Point '' Web, 2/16/2006

Simple: Heinrich Heine

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