Hebrews

The Hebrew (of the Latin Hebraei , of the old Greek Ἑϐραῖοι/ Hebraioi , itself resulting from Hebrew Ivri עברי) are former Semitic people the Middle East.

According to the Bible

According to the Hebraic Bible and traditions, the Hebrews are originating in the Mésopotamie, of Ur in Chaldée, they are nomads, alive in tents, raising herds of goats and sheep, using asses, mules and camels like carriers. An economic crisis could push Terah, father of Abraham, to leave the city for that of Harran, in Haut-Euphrate. From there, some of them migrate towards the Pays of Canaan, promised by God, according to the Bible, with the posterity of the patriarch Abraham (v. 1750 av. J. - C.). The discovered shelves with Mari attest frequent migrations in these areas.

Abraham, which lived at the XIXe century before JC, and they his settle in the Pays of Canaan: with Sichem (current Nablus), Beer-Sheva or Hebron. Little by little, they mix with the local populations, and become sedentary farmers towards. First Hebrew patriarchs result inter alia, always according to the Bible: the Édomites, the Moabites, the Ammon ites, Ismaélite S (Arab tribes Arabists, known as mustaʿribah ) and populates it Israel.

See also: Apirou

They are mentioned for the first time under the name of Apirou towards -1450, like the Asian ones brought back to Egypt as prisoners by Aménophis II at the time of its countryside of year 9 of its reign. They do not form an ethnos group.

Apirou, which nomadisent on all the fertile crescent, are a category of unstable and badly controlled population being able to engage with the service of highest offerer, either like labor in great public works, or as mercenaries. The biblical tradition presents in fact the Hebrew of the patriarchal time like “foreigners” ( gérim ) compared to the local population, of the seminomad pastors in the process of sedentarisation, in the search of pastures. They settle close to the cities and generally maintain positive ratios with the local population. They live in autarky and refuse to marry “with the girls of the Cananéens”. They are grouped in family widened ( bêyt' âb ) or as a clan ( mishpâhâh ), which keep their own identity and their traditions (worship of the god of their fathers).

According to the Bible, a famine would have pushed them to leave towards Egypt to work with great public works. Time passing they became slaves (according to the Bible), but it is indeed extremely probable which they were oppressed. Brace would have helped them to flee of Egypt thanks to a divine intervention (episode of the Red Sea, the episode of the Exodus towards 1250 before J-C). After having received the Tables of the Law on the Sinai Mount, Moïse leads the Hebrews through the desert during 40 years. After this wandering, and always according to the Bible, they returned in Canaan, occupied by the Philistines. It would be the victory of David, king d' Israël, against Goliath, champion of the Philistines, who would have allowed them to regain the ground of Canaan. It is the beginning of the kingdoms, that of Solomon from 970 to 931 before J-C with for Jerusalem capital, where Solomon would have made build a temple containing the Ark of the Covenant, then its division in 2 with the kingdom of Juda which survived until 587 before J-C, and that of Israel until 722 before J-C. Victim of its division, the Hebrew people weakens undergoes several invasions, Persian, Greek and Roman, whose last directed by Titus into 70 of our era caused the Diaspora (dispersion of the Jewish people around the Mediterranean basin). Today, only vestige still upright of this episode of the Jewish people, the Wailing Wall would be the only remaining part of the temple of Solomon destroys first once by the Babylonians into 587 before J-C and rebuilt by Hérode to be definitively destroyed by Titus.

See too

  • the Hysope is the crowned Herbe of Hebrew.

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