Harbin (or Haerbin, simplified Chinese: 哈尔滨, traditional: 哈爾濱, Pinyin: Russian Hā' ĕrbīn, : Харбин Kharbin) is the capital of the province Heilongjiang, located in Mandchourie, in the north of the China. It has the administrative statute of under-provincial city. One speaks the dialect there about Harbin (north-eastern group of the Mandarin).
It is also the seat of the Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation which produces small Avion S, Hélicoptère S and employs: 16000 people.
Sit of the city: district of Daoli
It is located on southernmost banks of the river Songhua. Harbin is a flourishing industrial town, it is also the mecque policy, economic, scientific, cultural and the node of communications of China of the North-East. Harbin is known to be one of the principal cities in China and Asia of the North-East.
It carries the nickname of Perle of the neck (of the swan) because of the general form of Heilongjiang (in the shape of swan) but also of Moscow of the East or Paris of the East , because of the architecture of the city. But it is also called Ville of Ice because of the long winter which reigns there.
History
The first traces of human occupation in the area of Harbin go back to at least 2200 av. J. - C. (fine of the age of the stone). This zone was called before Pinkiang.
The foundation of the current city of Harbin goes back to 1898, with the construction of the Railroad of the Chinese East by the Russia.
After the Russian defeat at the time of the War Russo-Japanese woman (1904 - 1905), the influence of Russia decreased, and: 160000 nationals of 33 countries (in particular the the United States, the Germany and the France emigrated in Harbin. Sixteen countries there established consulates, and established several thousands of industrial companies, commercial and banking in the city. The Chinese were also established there, by opening companies of mixing in particular, of food production, and textile industries. Harbin had consequently sat its statute of metropolis of the north-eastern of China.
In December 1918, during the Russian Civil war, the general Khorvat helped of white guards and Chinese troops took the city. The city became thereafter a major center of the Jewish community, and emigrated White Russians.
The Armée imperial Japanese woman occupied Harbin starting from the February 4th 1932. She established at the village of Ping Fang, close to Harbin, the Unité 731, where Japanese doctors practiced experiments on human guinea-pigs. The Red Army took the city the August 20th 1945. After one period under the control of the Guomindang, the city fell under control from the popular Armée with release Chinese in April 1946.
The eight cantons of Harbin were in the beginning part of the prefecture of Songhuajiang (松花江地区), and transfer built-in at the city the August 11th 1999, making of Harbin a under-provincial city.
Catastrophe of Jilin
The November 23rd 2005, an important tablecloth of Benzene in the river Songhua, the north of the China, threat inhabitants of the town of Harbin, one of the most populated country with more than 4,6 million inhabitants. A Explosion in a petrochemical factory of Jilin, ten days earlier, is at the origin of this pollution.The Chinese agency of the environment confirms the environmental accident only 10 days after the explosion with the public factory China National Petroleum Corporation. The explosion, which made 5 died, caused the formation of a slick of benzene, a toxic solvent, 80 km length.
Economy
In 2005, total GDP was of 183 billion Yuan S, and the GDP per capita of: 18821 yuans.
Administrative divisions
The under-provincial city of Harbin exerts its jurisdiction on eighteen subdivisions - eight districts, three city-counties and seven counties :- the district of Daoli - 道里区 Dàolǐ Qū ;
- the district of Nangang - 南岗区 Nángǎng Qū ;
- the district of Daowai - 道外区 Dàowài Qū ;
- the district of Xiangfang - 香坊区 Xiāngfáng Qū ;
- the district of Pingfang - 平房区 Píngfáng Qū ;
- the district of Songbei - 松北区 Sōngběi Qū ;
- the district of Hulan - 呼兰区 Hūlán Qū ;
- the district of Acheng - 阿城区 Āchéng Qū ;
- the town of Shuangcheng - 双城市 Shuāngchéng Shì ;
- the town of Shangzhi - 尚志市 Shàngzhì Shì ;
- the town of Wuchang - 五常市 Wǔcháng Shì ;
- the county of Yilan - 依兰县 Yīlán Xiàn ;
- the county of Fangzheng - 方正县 Fāngzhèng Xiàn ;
- the county of Bin - 宾县 Bīn Xiàn ;
- the county of Bayan - 巴彦县 Bāyàn Xiàn ;
- the county of Mulan - 木兰县 Mùlán Xiàn ;
- the county of Tonghe - 通河县 Tōnghé Xiàn ;
- the county of Yanshou - 延寿县 Yánshòu Xiàn .
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