Hamburg

Geography

Hamburg is located at the junction of the Alster, the Bille and the Elba, and with 110 km of the mouth of Elba in the North Sea. It is thanks to this proximity that the Port of Hamburg is the ninth most important port of the world in 2004.

The urban territory extends on 755 km, that is to say exactly the surface of Paris and its small crown (Which counts 6 million inhabitants however), and half less than surface of Large London. The 30 m ² of livable space by anybody make of Hamburg the big city offering more average livable large surface to the world. 14% of urban surface are occupied by green areas and of relaxation. That must be however relativized because the administrative definitions of the cities and the agglomerations vary much from one country to another.

History

830 : Foundation of Hammaburg by Charlemagne.
Towards 811: construction of a first church in the enclosure of Hamburg précarolingien.
831 : Foundation of a évêché by Louis the Piles. The first bishop was Anschaire.
832 : Hamburg is set up in Archidiocèse by the Pape Gregoire IV; the city becomes the home base of the Christian missionaries towards the Scandinavia. Anschaire (834 - 865) is the first archbishop.
845 : Hamburg is completely destroyed by a raid Viking, but the city reappears quickly of its ashes and obtains the right of market.
964 : The Pape (or Antipape) Benoît V Grammairien is driven out of Rome by Othon 1 {{er}}, the first emperor of the Saint Roman Empire Germanic, and banished in Hamburg.
1066, 1072 several Raids against the city, which will cease only in 1093 with the Christianisation.
Starting from 1111: Beginning of the trade beyond the limits of the city.
1189 : The May 7th, the emperor Frederic Barberousse would have granted the free charter of Ville to Hamburg, in thanks of the assistance provided at the time of its Croisade in Holy Land and confirms the privileges of trade, customs and navigation on the Basse Elba. This day is always celebrated like birthday of the port. Right from the start, of the suspicions let think that the charter would be a forgery manufactured by the merchants of Hamburg.
1195 : The church Saint-Pierre, first parish church, is mentioned.
~ 1250 : The church Holy-Catherine, church of the commercial district and tradesman, are mentioned.
1255 : The Saint-Jacob church is founded.
1401 : During the fight against piracy, the chief of the pirates most famous, Klaus Störtebeker, is carried out.
1510 : The Reichstag of Augsburg makes of Hamburg an imperial city.
Until 1529: During the reform, Hamburg receives an ecclesiastical payment of the evangelic church.
1558 : Inauguration of the first German purse; (many inhabitants: approximately 20.000).
Between 1610 and 1625: Hamburg is transformed into powerful fortification, Alster is divided.
1618 : The Court of Appeal of the Empire ratifies the bond which links Hamburg directly with the Empire.
1678 : The first permanent opera opens its doors.
1806 : Collapse of the Saint Worsens. The town of Hamburg is recognized " free city hanséatique".
1815 : The city adheres to the Germanic Confederation.
1817 : The first steamer circulates on Elba.
1819 : From this date, Hamburg carries the title of State " Hamburg city Hanseatic and free " .
1842 : The large fire destroys half of the old city. It is necessary to make jump the town hall.
1888 : The territory of the city is subjected to the customs, the free port with Speicherstadt (city of the warehouses) is born.
1897 : Inauguration of the new Town hall.
1906 : The Saint-Michel church is reduced in ashes; rebuilding of 1907 to 1912.
1912: The subway of Hamburg is brought into service; the first tunnel under Elba is inaugurated.
1921 : After the First World War, Hamburg receives a constitution according to the parliamentary principles.
1943 : Half of the city is destroyed by the air raids of the second world war.
1949 : Hamburg becomes federate state of the Federal Republic of Germany.
1962 : The " large flood catastrophique" , the life costs 315 people.
1975 : Innauguration of the second tunnel under Elba.
1989 : The wearing of Hamburg celebrates its 800 years.
1997 : The hundredth birthday of the Town hall is celebrated by a great popular holiday.
31.12.2002 : The line of customs is moved towards south-east. Speicherstadt must become the door of future the " Hafencity"
2003 : Beginning of work of the Europapassage shopping mall.

Beginnings

830 : Foundation of Hammaburg by Charlemagne.
Towards 811: construction of a first church in the enclosure of Hamburg précarolingien.
831 : Foundation of a évêché by Louis the Piles. The first bishop was Anschaire.
832 : Hamburg is set up in Archidiocèse by the Pape Gregoire IV; the city becomes the home base of the Christian missionaries towards the Scandinavia. Anschaire (834 - 865) is the first archbishop.
845 : Hamburg is completely destroyed by a raid Viking, but the city reappears quickly of its ashes and obtains the right of market.
964 : The Pape (or Antipape) Benoît V Grammairien is driven out of Rome by Othon 1 {{er}}, the first emperor of the Saint Roman Empire Germanic, and banished in Hamburg.
1066, 1072 several Raids against the city, which will cease only in 1093 with the Christianisation.
Starting from 1111: Beginning of the trade beyond the limits of the city.
1189 : The May 7th, the emperor Frederic Barberousse would have granted the free charter of Ville to Hamburg, in thanks of the assistance provided at the time of its Croisade in Holy Land and confirms the privileges of trade, customs and naviguation on the Basse Elba. This day is always celebrated like birthday of the port. Right from the start, of the suspicions let think that the charter would be a forgery manufactured by the merchants of Hamburg.
1195 : The church Saint-Pierre, first parish church, is mentioned.
~ 1250 : The church Holy-Catherine, church of the commercial district and tradesman, are mentioned.

Hanse

Modern times

1529 : Hamburg passes to the Protestantisme.
1769 : Hamburg becomes free city of empire.
1787 : The population exceeds for the first time the 100 000 inhabitants.

The XIXe century

1806 : After the dissolution of the Holy Germanic Roman Empire, Hamburg obtains full sovereignty and proclaims from now on Freie Hansestadt ( free Ville of Hanse ). But a few months later, after their victories with Iéna and Auerstaedt, the French troops of Napoleon Bonaparte occupy the city. The continental Blockade, founded by the emperor, causes a great damage with the trade and the port of the city.

1810/1811: The free city is built-in the French empire like Département of the Mouth-in-the Elba . She knows a decline marked during the French occupation.
1815 : The Congrès of Vienna guarantees the sovereignty of the city which enters the “ Bund ”.
1834 : Gerhard Oncken and six other people founds the first community German Baptiste.
1842 (of the 5 with the May 8th): A gigantic fire destroys approximately 4 000 residences; approximately 10 % of the population is found without roof.
1867 : Hamburg enters the Confédération of Germany of North.
1871 : Hamburg enters the German empire, becomes “Bundesstaat of the deutschen Reiches”, but preserves its customs autonomy.
1872 : Thanks to the bridges on the Elba, the Hamburg-Paris railway line is finished.
1881 : First phone network in Hamburg. It connects 206 stations.
1882 : First flashlights
1885: Construction of Speicherstadt, which will be finished in 1888.
1888 : Hamburg uses the German customs union.
1892 : Epidemic of Cholera. On the 640 000 inhabitants, 16 956 are touched and 8 605 die about it. Hamburg is placed in quarantine.
November 20th 1896: beginning of the great strike of the Docker S.

XXe century

1912 : Inauguration of U-Bahn (subway).
1916 : " Camp of Belges" to see German Concentration camps 14-18
1919: First democratic elections and foundation of the university of Hamburg.
1933 : After the come to power of Hitler, many politicians resign. The March 8th, the members of the Parliament where NSDAP was the first party since the elections of 1932, put a place a Senate (the executive body) resulting from the Nazi party.
1937 : Hamburg amalgamates with the surrounding agglomerations (Altona, Wandsbeck, Harburg-Wilhelmsburg and 27 other communes. Cuxhaven on the other hand is detached from the city and is allotted to the Prussia. The decree between in force on April 1st 1938.

The Gomorrhe operation

July 24th 1943 with the August 3rd 1943: Operation Gomorrhe: one of most fatal the strategic bombardments of the Second world war. The first storm of fire (Feuersturm), fed in particular by Napalm, results in the death of approximately 40 000 residents. Most of the city is destroyed.

1945

May 3rd: The city is occupied by the British forces.
May 4th: The Concentration camp of Neuengamme, in the south-east of Hamburg is found empty by the British forces…

After the war

1949 : Hamburg, in British zone, preserved its statute of city-State independent (just like Bremen, becomes a federal Land of the Bundesrepublik Deutschland (FRG).
February 17th 1962: catastrophic Rising of Elba which results in the death of 300 people; it is caused by a storm which prevented the river from normally running out during two days. The level of water in the port rose of 4,3 meters
As of the Années 1970, Hamburg becomes an important center of the alternative culture.

XXIe century

September 23rd 2001: Elections which mark the end of the social democrat coalition and Greens (die Grünen). Formation of the coalition CDU d' Ole von Beust (Christian Democrats), the FDP (liberal) and the populist party of Schill-Partei right-hand side.
2003 : Candidature for the Olympic Games of 2012. Hamburg is made cap on the post by its competitor Leipzig.
2004: Anticipated elections following a scandal passion than political: Schill, populist leader and number 2 of the executive, reveal the homosexuality of the mayor Ole von Beust and its relation with the senator (minister) of justice. The coalition with the capacity implose and the new elections give the absolute majority to CDU d' Ole von Beust, whereas the populist party of Schill, divided, is not represented any more at the Parliament.

Political system and administration

The Constitution of the free and Hanseatic city of Hamburg date of 1952.

She entrusts the executive power to the Bürgerschaft ( of Hamburgische Bürgerschaft ), made up of one hundred blackjack members. The executive power is exerted by the Sénat ( of Senate der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg ), and is directed by the first mayor and president of the Senate ( of Erster Bürgermeister und Präsident of the Senates ).

Municipal districts

Hamburg breaks up into seven municipal districts: Hamburg-Mitte, Altona, Eimsbüttel, Hamburg-North, Wandsbek, Bergedorf and Harburg, which lays out of a Parliament each one.

Economy

Hamburg counts among the economic centers most important of Europe. With the wire of time, the town of Hamburg was transformed into a specialized site in chemistry, construction aeronautics (one built a380 airbus there) and naval, technology. Hamburg is leader in the areas of the medical technology and biotechnology. And especially in the sector services which accounts for 83% of the uses of the city.

The city plays a paramount role in the field of the media: 15 of the 20 magazines German with stronger pulling is published there.

It is here also that the first German chain of produced television ARD the every day the " Tagesschau " , principal tv news of Germany.

The wearing of Hamburg is located on the river from Elba in Hamburg. This port is called " the entry of the world of Allemagne". It is more large wearing of Germany in particular as regards foreign trade and transit. And the second larger wearing of Europe as well as the ninth larger port of the world. The port has a surface of 87km2. The port is without question an engine of the economy insofar as it generates more than 40.000 employment. The wearing of Hamburg is the turntable commercial with Europe of is and of North. It is located at 120 km of the sea, it can acceuillir the largest international container ships. The wearing of Hamburg obtained the statute of the free port (the ships do not pay a tax). Currently part of the port kept this statute.

Blasonnement

Of mouths to the notched money castle,

built of sand and surmounted of three turns

of same, that of the medium covered with a dome

croiseté, the two others notched and

surmounted each one of a star with six lines

also of money.

Culture

The cultural life in Hamburg is extremely varied: Kunsthalle for art, the many museums of which the very beautiful " Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe" who shelters applied arts, pieces of furniture, objects of design going from the crockery of the Chinese empire until the Scandinavian modern design, Staatsoper, the operas musical international, the clubs of music of which the famous " Club" star; where already played Gene Vincent, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, Eric Burdon, Ray Charles, Manfred Mann, Jimi Hendrix and even where the Beatles gave their very first concert which made them famous, the " berceau" of Beatles! And of course famous Reeperbahn, the red district (" die rote Meile") marines with its bars, restaurants, theaters, cabarets and clubs.

Hamburg does not shelter less than 31 theaters of which Deutsches Schauspielhaus - the largest German theater -, prestigious Thalia Theater, 6 rooms of musics, 10 cabarets and 50 museums private and public. Of the 4000 restaurants, 2400 propose a foreign gastronomy. There exists in particular a Portuguese district close to the port in Dietmar-Köhl-Strasse, and another district of bars and restaurants close to the " Schulterblatt" , in the district of Sternschanze, also known for its festival (Schanzenfest) and a marked presence of the alternative culture.

The banks of Elba and Alster invite to a walk. The circuits of the port are impressive. They make it possible to discover a very particular face of the panorama Hamburger and to seize the vastness of the wearing of Hamburg, the second in Europe after Rotterdam.

Located in the middle of the city, a big lake whose Hamburgers are proud: Alster. In fact, they are two lakes: the " Binnenalster" in the middle same of the city, where one finds the Town hall, the shopping areas smartest, like banks and luxury hotels; and l'" Aussenalster" more in North, place of stroll and nautical bases.

The surroundings of Hamburg have a very particular charm. Altes Land, the greatest area of culture of the fruit trees in Germany, seems very indicated, with its old farms built by Vikings come from the Sweden to the Moyen-âge, for walks in the bus or the bicycle. The old historical centres of Stage or Lüneburg are not qu ′ at half an hour of Hamburg. In the car, Lübeck and the beaches of the Baltic are not qu ′ at one hour.

Classical music

Hamburg has a symphony orchestra formerly directed by Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt and Günter Wand in particular. Christoph von Dohnányi is from now on the chief.

Sports

Hamburg is a river city where one finds a great number of green areas. It thus offers a very large variety of sports and leisures, and one meets besides there a big number of sporting unions amateur. The city counts several clubs of Football. The two principal clubs are FC Sankt Pauli and especially the in particular victorious Hamburg SV of the Coupe of Europe of the club champions in 1983 and which evolves/moves with HSH Nordbank Arena (Volksparkstadion until 2000). The traditional competition of the two clubs translates long time a political polarization, between the HSV, large club " bourgeois" , and Sankt Pauli, small club " of gauche".

Education

The university of Hamburg acceuille 40.000 students. It is the fifth larger university of Germany but also one of young people because it was created on decision of the municipality only in 1919. The roots of the University are however old since there were educational establishments superior in Hamburg at the beginning of the 17th century. The principal campus is located in center town in the district of Eimsbüttel.

In Hamburg, also prestigious the High School of Legal sciences (Bucerius Law School) is who knew to benefit from the international radiation of the city to create very many partnerships abroad.

Twin towns

Famous Hamburgers

Gerd Bucerius (1906-1995): Politician, lawyer, journalist, cofounder of the hebodomadaire Die Zeit
Wolfgang Borchert (1921 - 1947): Playwright and writer
Johannes Brahms (1833 - 1897): Type-setter
Andreas Brehme (1960 -): Footballer
Stefan Effenberg (1968 -): Footballer
Fettes Brot (1992 -): Group musicians (three)
Karl Lagerfeld (1933 -): Designer, photographer and creative
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809 - 1847): Type-setter
Carl von Ossietzky (1889 - 1938): Journalist
Helmut Schmidt (1918 -): Politician and federal chancellor of 1974 with 1982
Uwe Seeler (1936 -): Footballer
Ernst Thälmann (1886 - 1944): Politician
Joachim Witt (1949 -): Musician
Samy Deluxe (1977 -): Musician

See too

Wearing of Hamburg
Turn Heinrich-Hertz

External bonds

Hamburg: official site (in French)

Simple: Hamburg

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