The haltérophilie is a Sport consisting in raising weights. In its modern form, it is a sport of force requiring also control of a particular technique, speed, flexibility, coordination and balance.
In competition, two movements are evaluated: snatch and the shoulder-jeté. The athlete has three tests for each movement. The sum of the best test carried out by the athlete with the snatch and of the best test to the shoulder-jeté gives the Olympic total. The athlete having the best Olympic total of his category of weight of body carries it.
The haltérophilie is at present the only sport of force registered with the program of the Olympic Games. It is a universal sport, practiced in a very great number of countries, but it is in Greece, Turkey and Bulgaria which it is most popular. The Russia, the Iran, the China and the countries of Eastern Europe also count many haltérophiles of very high level. But this sport is not very democratized in France, much of people never yet heard of this sport.
The “athletic Force” ( in powerlifting in English) is another form of survey of weight which also consists in raising bars, but which is characterized by its basic movements and where the loads are heavier. This activity is more popular than the haltérophilie with the the United States, where it developed.
History
The attempts at evaluation of the physical force of the men are very old. The traditional tests of force are today the witnesses still quite alive.As from the XIXe century, certain strong men acquire a great notoriety and popularize the weights and haltères, in particular in Germany, Austria and France. Consequently, one tries to codify the weights and the movements in order to be able to compare and classify the performances of the athletes.
The haltérophilie is present as of the Olympic first modern Games, with the Olympic Games of summer of 1896. There are then two tests, the survey with an arm and the survey with two arms. It is absent from Olympic Games of summer of 1900 and reappears with the Olympic Games of summer of 1904. With the Olympic Games of summer of 1920, the movements are the snatch with an arm, the shoulder-jeté with an arm and the shoulder-jeté with two arms. With the Olympic Games of summer of 1924, the movements with an arm disappear from the competition for the benefit of three movements to two arms: developed, snatch and the shoulder-jeté. Lastly, since 1972 developed was also abandoned for two reasons: on the one hand, the haltérophiles “cheated” while being curved behind with the risk to be wounded and on the other hand that made it possible to decrease the duration of the competitions without forgetting that this last movement did not join to in no case the muscles and the physical preparation of the two other movements.
The female competitions date from the years 1980 and are present at the Olympic Games since the Olympic Games of summer of 2000.
The first categories of weight appeared in 1905, there are of them today 8 for the men and 7 for the women.
Movements
- Torn off : The bar is raised arms tended to the top of the head in only one very dynamic movement.
The haltérophile seizes the bar on the ground, a broad catch of hand is used. It is raised while accelerating gradually, and is rectified while going up in extension on the point of the feet and while raising the shoulders. The arms remain tended and the flat back in order to transmit the maximum of energy to the bar. After this extension, the athlete falls as quickly as possible under the bar and takes delivery of it in squatted position, arms tended above the head. It is raised to reach the final position.
- Shoulder-jeté : The bar is raised arms tended to the top of the head twice.
The haltérophile seizes the bar on the ground, a catch of hand corresponding to the width of the shoulders is used. It is raised while accelerating gradually, and is rectified while going up in extension on the point of the feet and while raising the shoulders. The arms remain tended and the flat back in order to transmit the maximum of energy to the bar. After this extension, the athlete falls as quickly as possible under the bar and takes delivery of it in squatted position, the bar resting on its shoulders and the top of its chest, the elbows being raised. It is raised, the bar remaining in contact with the shoulders. Once upright, the first phase, shouldered, is finished. The haltérophile takes an impulse then, throws the bar and drops again to be able to seize the bar arms tended above the head (the jeté). This movement is generally done in slit, i.e. a leg ahead, the other behind. Lastly, it is raised to reach the final position.
Categories
All the haltérophiles do not contribute in the same categories:- male Category: 56,62,69,77,85,94,105. +105 kg
- female Category: 48,53,58,63,69,75, +75
Equipment
- the bar measures 2200 mm and weighs 20kg (a bar of 15 kg is used for the women (this one measures 2010 mm)). On the central part of the bar, a milling makes the bar rough and facilitates the catch. On the sides, one slips the discs. The latter are maintained by a collar weighing 2.5 kg each.
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the discs are out of metal and rubber (in order to deaden the shocks). They respect the code of color according to:
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the discs of 2.0 kg to 0.5 kg were added since the rule of 1.0 kg prevails (2005) at the time of the competitions. (The load must be a multiple of 1.0 kg)
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the plate, on the ground, measures 4x4m.
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the haltérophile carries special, rigid and stable shoes. They comprise a heel of a few centimetres. In competition, it must carry a regulatory shirt. It can carry, if it wishes it a broad leather belt (maximum 120 mm height) to support the bottom of the back, as well as bands with the wrists and the knees.
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to improve the catch of bar, the haltérophile uses magnesia (chalk), like the gymnastes.
World records of haltérophilie
Male records
Female records
French clubs
Some haltérophiles famous
- Charles Rigoulot
- Louis Hostin
- Paul Anderson
- Yoshinobu Miyake
- Vassili Alexeiev
- Serge Reding
- Helmut Losch
- Naim Suleymanoglu
- Halil Mutlu
- Pyrros Dimas
See too
Haltérophilie (handisport)
External bonds
- Forum dedicated to the practice of Haltérophilie
- Official site of FFhmfac
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