Halophyte

General standard

A halophyte , or plant halophyte or plant Halophile is a plant adapted to the salted mediums or by extension to the mediums with osmotic Pression important. One of the most known halophytes is the Salicorne which one finds associated with the saline Marais. In tropical zone, the Palétuvier is also a plant halophyte.

Biotope of the plants halophytes

The Herbu, pasture regularly covered by the tide is the territory par excellence for the plants halophytes in France. It has a specific flora like the Pucinellie. In tropical zone, the biotope is called Mangrove when it is Arborescent (Palétuvier S).

Biological mechanisms of the plants halophytes

The osmotic Pression which is exerted on a living organism depends on the differential of concentration between the cells of the organization and the external medium. Each species, and to a lesser extent each individual, have an osmotic level of balance corresponding to its medium of optimum life. The rooms for maneuver are more or less large, but a plant not halophyte will have never the capacity to adapt to survive in a medium salted like the herbus.
The plants halophytes thus developed several mechanisms whose combination enables them to thrive in salted medium (nonexhaustive list):
  • increase in the salinity of the Cytoplasm to limit the osmotic pressure;
  • specific mechanisms of membrane flows in order to prevent water from leaving and/or salts to enter the cell;
  • regulation of the permeability of the cellular Membrane according to the osmotic pressure level.

Species halophytes

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