Hallux valgus

See also: Onion (homonymy)

The hallux valgus (HV), often accompanied by a " oignon" , is a deformation of the foot corresponding to the deviation of the first métatarsien in varus (in inside) and of the large Orteil (hallux) in valgus (outwards). The articulation métatarsophalangienne makes covered then and can generate an embarrassment with the chaussage. The insufficiency of the first ray can generate plantar pains (Métatarsalgie S) by transfer of load under 2nd and 3rd métatarsiens.

The hallux valgus corresponds to a deformation of the big toe and first métatarsien. A HV associates three deformations which are, compared to the axis of the body:

  • a hallux abductus if M1P1 >10°
  • a métatarsus varus if M1M2 >10°
  • a rotation interns big toe (not always present)

These three deformations do not evolve/move inevitably at the same time. Moreover, one finds a exostose, which can be very painful, on the edge médial of the first head métatarsienne.

This malformation has a female prevalence and can be plain or bilateral. There are two principal forms: One is acquired by progressive failure of the systems of stabilization of the first métatarsien (viellissement, microtraumatisms, overload). It is the secondary hallux valgus, which accounts for 70% of the cases. The other, related to a defect of orientation of the head métatarsienne, is known as " juvénile" because it appears in the second decade of the life of the patient. It is hereditary and transmissible by the mother with variable genetic penetrance of 72%. It accounts for 30% of the cases.

The principal reasons for treatment are:

  • Pathologies related to the exostose: friction, hygroma, fistulisation, horns…
  • esthetic Embarrassment
  • Pains related to the consequences of this deformation
  • arthrosic Pain

Consequences

The effects on the foot are at various levels:
  • the first métatarsien cannot play its part any more and thus generate a hyperkératose.
  • Deformation of the nail
  • Claw of the second toe
  • Supra or infraductus of the toes
  • Hyper keratosis under the average heads
  • Hyper keratosis under the sésamoïde intern
  • Hyper keratosis under the head of m2 because hyperappui
  • arthrosic Pain and pain of the exostose (frictions, stretching of the system capsulo in-house ligamentaire)
  • Sésamoïdopathie.

Random links:Photopic vision | County of Vestfold | Mariehamn | Jean-Rene Ouellet | Difaâ Amsirnat | Apparatchik