The Hafsides are a Berber Dynastie which starts by being allied Almohades. Becoming the reigning dynasty of the Ifriqiya of 1230 with 1574, it extends its capacity on the North-East of the Algérie (Bougie), the Tunisia (Tunis) and a small portion of the North-West of the Libya.
History
At the beginning of the 13th century, the the Maghreb is still subjected to the domination of the sovereigns almohades. The latter entrust Tunisia to Abd Al-Wâhid ibn Hafs. His/her son Abû Zakariyâ' Yahyâ separates from them in 1228 and founds a new dynasty in Tunis. He extends the borders of his State by subjecting central Algeria, going even until imposing his suzerainty on the kingdom of Tlemcen, the septentrional Morocco and the Spain of the Nasrides of Grenade. Hafsides become completely independent in 1236. The successor of Abû Zakariyâ' Yahyâ, Abû `Abd Allah Muhammad Al-Mustansir, proclaims Caliph in 1255 and continues the policy of his father. It is during its reign that takes place the second crusade of Saint-Louis which shows a failure. Unloaded in Carthage, the king dies of the Peste in the middle of his army decimated by the disease in 1270. After the death of Abû `Abd Allah Muhammad Al-Mustansir, disorders burst and last 40 years. To that is added the attacks of the Royaume of Aragon with which Abû `Abd Allah Muhammad Al-Mustansir however had good relationships. The dynasty knows a light decline: the Tunisian South and the Tripolitaine are detached from the authority hafside then the South constantinois is controlled by the emir of Bougie which makes practically independent in 1294.Abû Yahyâ Abû Bakr Al-Mutawakkil remakes the unit of the State hafside. After the death of this last, the State then is divided into 3 (Tunis, Bougie and Constantine) then in two (Candle and Constantine passing under the same authority in 1366) and finally reunified again by Abû Al `Abbâs Ahmad Al-Fadî Al-Mutawakkil. The country knows an important economic advancement then and becomes a shopping mall of the Mediterranean basin. Rise also touches the cultural field with the large historian and father of the Sociologie Ibn Khaldoun.
On its arrival in 1394, Abû Fâris `Abd Al “Aziz Al-Mutawakkil reinforces the authority of the central capacity, pacifies the South, seizes Algiers, imposes its suzerainty to the sovereign of Tlemcen, pushes back an attack of king d' Aragon against Jerba and generally maintained good relationships with the Christian States. Its grandson Abû `Umar `Uthmân continues his work in the same fields. With died of Abû `Umar “Uthmân begins a new irremediable decline marked by fights for the capacity. At the 16th century, Hafsides are within the fight between the Spanish and Othoman power. They are reversed in 1574 after the Perte of Tunis. Tunisia consequently becomes a province of the Ottoman Empire.
The XV {{E}} and XVI {{E}} centuries see the arrival of the Moslem and Jewish Moors Andalusian driven out of Spain by the Reconquista .
Dynasty
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