Hadith is an Arab term which indicates the words of the prophet Mohammed considered as orders to follow by the Moslem .

The muhaddith is the transmitter of hadith, it is one of the links of the Isnad , which makes it possible to evaluate the reliability of a hadith.

Positioning

Apart from some hadiths “crowned” which is regarded as the words of God addressed directly to the Mohammed prophet and brought back by him, they are the words and the actions allotted to the Mohammed prophet, it is thus not the divine word like would be for the Moslems the Coran.

These hadiths forms the Sunna from where the name of Islam sunnite for the orthodoxe current. The hadiths were brought back in various collections (veracious or not) by faithful Moslems, but always at least two centuries after the death of the Muhammad prophet. Certain authors listed of them more 700  000. Many of these quotations being suspect, their credit are proportional to the prestige granted to those which brought them back. This chain of the witnesses is called Isnad . These various collections feed the opposition between Shiite and sunnites in particular.

Classification

These hadiths is classified by the specialists in sciences of the hadith (critical history) per degree of admissibility . Certain authors, like Al-Bukharî, classified the hadiths into authentic, into acceptable, others being simply rejected. The authentic hadiths are brought back with the chains of the witnesses.

• Admissible ( Maqbûl )

Crowned ( Qudsî ). These hadiths is regarded as bringing back the divine word and not that of the prophet.

Authentic (Sahîh ).

Notorious ( Mutawâtir ).

Good ( Hassan ).

• Inadmissible ( Mardûd ).

Weak ( Dha' yew ), these hadiths is often Apocryphe S.

Sources

There are six principal collections of hadiths at the Sunnites, two of them are regarded as excellent, one calls them both sahîh. Most known are:

• the Sahîh of Al-Bukharî (810-870). Collection of 2  602 hadiths (9  082 with the repetitions).

• the Sahîh of Muslim (819-875).
• the collection of Mâlik Ibn Anas (712-795) Al-Muwattâ . Founder of the school (Madhhab) Malékite.
• the collection of Ahmad ibn Hambal Musnâd , founder of the school (Madhhab) Hambalite.
• the collection of Abû Dawud (817-889) Kitâb have-Sunnan .
• the collection of Ibn Majah (824-887).
• the collection of At-Tirmidhi (824-893) Sunan At-Tirmidhi .
• the collection of Al-NASA `I (830-916).
• the Mishkat collection of the sha' trust and Hanafites Mishkat Shareef .

The Chiites have them also their later collections of hadiths, in particular collecting the words of the Imams of the line of the Muhammad prophet by Ali and Fatima:

• the collection of Ya `qub Al Kolayni (death in 939).

• the collection of Saduq Ibn Babuyeh (death in 991).
• the collection of Al-Hassan At-Tusi (death in 1068).

One can notice that these collections almost all were compiled at least 150 years after the death of the Muhammad prophet, with an aim of safeguarding and of indexing the acts of this one.

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