Habsbourg

The dynasty of the Habsbourg took the name of “Habsbourg-Lorraine” in 1780. Under the name of House of Austria , it reigned on several countries of Europe:

Died of Marie-Therese of Austria, last representing of this House and widow of François-Etienne of Lorraine, his son Joseph II succeeded to him in all his titles, except for that of Emperor, whom it held of his election with dead of his father, in 1765. The chiefs of the house of Habsbourg-Lorraine reigned as emperors Germaniques, kings de Hongrie and of Bohemia until in 1806 then as emperors of Austria 1804 - 1918, kings of Hungary and Bohemia until in 1918).

Their exact titulature was: " Emperor of Austria, king Apostolique of Hungary, king de Bohême, of Dalmatie, of Croatia, of Esclavonie, Galicie, Lodomérie and Illyrie, king de Jérusalem, archduke of Austria, large-duke of Tuscany and Cracow, Duke of Lorraine, Bar, of Salzburg, of Styrie, Carinthie, Carniole, of Bukovine, duke of High-Silesia and Low-Silesia, of Modena, of Parma, of Pleasure and Guastalla, Auschwitz and Zator, of Teschen, the Friuli, Raguse and Zara, Large-prince de Transylvanie, Prince of Thirty and Brixen, Margrave de Moravie, High and the Lowone and in Istrie, Count princely of Habsbourg and the Tyrol, of Kybourg, Goritz and Gradisca, Count de Hohenembs, Feldkirch, Brigance, Sonnenberg, Lord of Trieste, Cattaro and Walk wende, Large-Voyvode of Voyvodie of Serbia, etc." (Source, Almanac of Gotha, 1914)

The current members of the House of Habsbourg-Lorraine, known as House of Austria, all decendants of Marie-Therese and François-Etienne, carry all the titles of Archduke or Archduchess of Austria, Prince or Royal Princess of Hungary and Bohemia, with the predicate of Imperial Highness and Royal. The family members having contracted a union nonequal taking into consideration statute of the House of Habsbourg, or not - authorized by the household head, and resulting from such unions carry the title of count or countess of Habsbourg in the absence of an other name or titrates allotted, like Hohenberg for the descendants of the Archiduc François-Ferdinand, resulting from his morganatic union with the countess Sophie Chotek, titrated duchess of Hohenberg.

The currency of Habsbourg of Austria east " Ales Erdreich STI Österreich untertan" German and " Austriae is imperare orbi universo" Latin . One writes it in abbreviation " A.E.I.O.U." , in each of the two languages. It means " It is up to Austria to order from all the univers" and shows which duties was essential this family.

Ancestors of Habsbourg

Illustrate house, which goes back to the 6th century and which draws its name from the Château of Habsbourg in Suisse. One reduces it from Ethico, Duc of Alsace, born towards 626, died towards 690; but its chronology starts to offer to some certainty only starting from Gontran the Rich person, count d' Alsace of 917 with 954.

The first mention of the ancestors of Habsbourg dates from the middle of the 10th century, with Gontran, called the Rich person ( Guntramnus divine ). With an aim of controlling trade route connecting the Germanic and the Italy, king Otton Ier confiscated, at the time of a Diète of Empire in Augsburg in August 952, most of the possessions located in Alsace, Brisgau and Thurgovie of a count, named Gontran ( Guntramnus comes ), a family member of the counts éberhardiens of the Nordgau (the Low-Rhine). A solid beam of arguments tends to show that this last and Gontran the Rich person form one and even character. If the identity proved, the House of Habsbourg would go down from the Etichonides, illustrates it family of the dukes mérovingiens resulting from Etichon (or Adalric), reigning at the 7th century and 8th century on Alsace, whose most eminent member is Sainte Odile.

Two grandchildren of Guntram the Rich person, Radbot and Rodolphe, entered the history like credits builders. The first, stem of the chalk-lining of Habsbourg, provided the foundations of the monastery of Muri (Argovie) in Switzerland; the second, died without descent, founded the abbey of Ottmarsheim in Alsace, an architectural masterpiece which is presented in the form of a counterpart of the palatine vault of Aix-the-Vault. The bishop of Strasbourg Werner Ier, (" Werner de Habsbourg "), a brother, brother-in-law or uncle de Radbot and of Rodolphe - the History is not able to slice - founded in Argovie, at the beginning of the 11th century, the fortress of the Habichtsburg , the “castle of the Autour S”, which will give its name to the dynasty resulting from Radbot. Never Habsbourg were to live their castle éponyme: to its foundation the Habichtsburg is presented in the form of a simple military outpost to the service of the imperial policy, vis-a-vis a ripe Royaume of Burgundy falling into the escarcelle one from the Empire.

A political implication with the more high level doubled of a skilful matrimonial strategy will make it possible the descendants of Radbot to durably sit their domination on a great number of Alsatian grounds , Suisse S and badoises. The center of their power, primarily political, incidentally territorial, was in Alsace. At the beginning of the 12th century, Habsbourg acquired the Landgraviat (the provincial county) of High-Alsace (Haut-Rhin), the avouery on episcopal grounds of Strasbourg (Haut-Mundat) and especially the avouery on the powerful one and prestigious abbey of Murbach.

The social status of Habsbourg changed in 1273, when the count Rodolphe IV of Habsbourg, a political lord, combined of the middle-class men of the towns of Strasbourg and of Zurich, reached, in an unexpected way, with the imperial throne under the name of Rodolphe Ier.

More, to consult the verbatim this conference.

History of Habsbourg

Werner II, one of wire of Radbot, took the 1st title of count de Habsbourg. In the war between the emperor Henri IV of the Holy roman Empire and the anti-emperor Rodolphe, Werner embraced the party of this last (1077 - 1080).

Adalbert III, great-grandson of Werner II, succeeded his father Werner III in 1163, made the war in Palestine (1187 - 1191 and 1196 - 1198), fought then Berthold V of Zœhringen and founded Waldshut; it took the 1st title of Landgrave of Alsace.

After the death of Rodolphe II, wire of Adalbert III (1232), the house of Habsbourg is divided in two branches: Habsbourg-Habsbourg and Habsbourg-Laufenbourg, whose chiefs Albert IV and Rodolphe III are , his/her brother.

Since the historical Alsace, the family extended her influence towards the east, controlling the Saint Germanic Roman Empire since 1273, extending it to current Austria (1278 - 1382). In only two or three generations, Habsbourg succeeded in making sure quasi-permanent control of the imperial throne for several centuries (1273 - 1291, 1298 - 1308 and 1438 - 1740).

Elder branch

Albert IV, stem of the elder or imperial branch, had for its part Habsbourg, the county of Argovie and the freeholds of Alsace; he united there by marriage the Comté of Kybourg. His/her son Rodolphe IV increases considerably his fields on the side of the Suisse and acquired in Germany the duchy of Austria; he carried to the more high degree splendor of this house and was called with the imperial throne in 1273; he reigned 18 years (1273 - 1291) under the name of Rodolphe Ier, and had as a successor in his hereditary States, and later with the empire (1298), his son Albert (Albert Ier like duke of Austria and emperor). Under this one the Suisse S revolted, and during all the duration of the 14th century and half of the 15th century, the house of Habsbourg vainly became exhausted to fight them; she successively saw herself removing most of her fields. In 1438 a new prince of the house of Austria-Habsbourg was called with the imperial throne; it reigned under the name of Albert II; since him, the house of Habsbourg reigned without interruption on Germany until in 1740; five years after, the heiress of this house, Marie-Therese Anger, carried her possessions in the Maison of Lorraine.

Connect junior

She had as a stem Rodolphe III, uncle of the emperor Rodolphe de Habsbourg, and accepted in division Laufenbourg, Waldshut, Neu-Habsbourg (on the lake of the Four-Cantons) and the fields of Klekgau. After the death of Rodolphe III, this branch was divided in two branches (the counts de Habsbourg-Laufenbourg and the new counts de Kybourg). 1st of these two branches, started with Godefroy (death in 1271), died out at the beginning of the 15th century. Eberhard, stem of the second, had acquired the county of Kybourg by marrying Anne, heiress of this house; he died in 1284; its descent died out in 1415. The elder branch then joins together all the fields of the house.

Continuation

After the marriage of Maximilien I {{er}} with the Capétienne Marie, heiress of the Burgundy (including the Netherlands) and the marriage of his/her son Philippe the Beautiful with Jeanne Insane the, heiress of Espagnes and their many dependences, Charles V inherited an empire on which “the sun never lay down”.

After the abdication of the emperor Charles V, also king Charles Ier of Espagnes and the Indies (1516 - 1556), the family separated in two branches, the Austrian and the Spanish .

To maintain within the family the possessions acquired by the matrimonial policy their ancestors, Habsbourg successors of Charles misused the consanguineous unions which ended up giving rise to weak children: thus Philippe IV of Spain was simultaneously several times cousin of Ferdinand III of Austria, its brother-in-law and his son-in-law. His/her son Charles II was of delicate health and could not have descent.

The Spanish branch died out in the males in 1700, starting the War of succession of Spain, as made the Austrian one in 1740, causing the War of succession of Austria. However the last of all Habsbourg (Marie-Therese) had married François-Etienne, duke of Lorraine, and their descendants perpetuated the name of Habsbourg in the Maison of Lorraine under name Habsbourg-Lorraine. It is estimated that the unions inside the Habsbourg family contributed to her extinction.

The Hungary, nominally under the Habsbourg royalty since 1526 but for the greatest part under Turkish occupation during one century and half, was reconquered in 1683 - 1699. She revolted against the Habsbourg-Lorraine in 1848; those managed to maintain it under their yoke only by calling upon the Russian troops.

Sovereigns resulting from the house of Habsbourg

Emperors of the Romans, kings of Hungary and Bohemia, sovereign archdukes of Austria

  • Rodolphe Ier, emperor 1273-1291 and duke of Austria 1278-1282

  • Albert Ier, emperor 1298-1308 and duke of Austria 1282-1298
  • Rodolphe II, duke of Austria 1298-1307 king de Bohême
  • Frederic III, duke of Austria 1307-1330
  • Albert II of Austria, duke of Austria 1330-1358
  • Rodolphe III, archduke of Austria 1358-1365
  • Albert III, archduke of Austria 1365-1395
  • Albert IV, archduke of Austria 1395-1404
  • Albert II, emperor 1438-1439 and archduke of Austria under the name of Albert V 1404-1439 king of Bohemia and of Hungary.
  • Ladislas Posthumous the, archduke of Austria 1440-1453 king de Bohême and Hungary
  • Frederic III, emperor 1440-1493 and archduke of Austria under the name of Frederic IV 1453-1493
  • Maximilien Ier, emperor and archduke of Austria 1493-1519
  • Charles V, known as Charles Quint , emperor and archduke of Austria 1519-1556
  • Ferdinand Ier, emperor and archduke of Austria 1556-1564 king de Bohême and Hungary
  • Maximilien II, emperor and archduke of Austria 1564-1576
  • Rodolphe II, emperor and archduke of Austria 1576-1612
  • Matthias, emperor and archduke of Austria 1612-1619
  • Ferdinand II, emperor and archduke of Austria 1619-1637
  • Ferdinand III, emperor and archduke of Austria 1637-1657
  • Léopold Ier, emperor and archduke of Austria 1658-1705
  • Joseph Ier, emperor and archduke of Austria 1705-1711
  • Charles VI, emperor and archduke of Austria 1711-1740

N.B. : Marie-Therese Anger, ultimate Habsbourg and wife of the emperor of the Romans François Ier Etienne, reigned as king (sic) of Hungary, queen of Bohemia and sovereign archduchess of Austria, 1740-1780

Kings of the Spain S and the the Indies

  • Philippe Ier 1504-1506 (only king consort, husband of Jeanne Insane the).
  • Charles Ier 1516-1556, known as Charles Quint
  • Philippe II 1556-1598
  • Philippe III 1598-1621
  • Philippe IV 1621-1665
  • Charles II 1665-1700

Kings of Portugal and the Algarves

See too

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