Hégire
The word hégire (Arab: rear RTL هجرة, exile; rupture; separation ) means in Arab “emigration”; the direction of “rupture of bonds” is sometimes met. It indicates the day of the July 16th 622 where the departure of some first companions of Mahomet of Mecque occurs towards the Oasis of Yathrib, old name of Médine.
This event creates a fundamental rupture with the company such as it was known Arabic hitherto. Mahomet indeed has just broken a model sociétal established on the blood ties (clannish organization), towards a model of community of belief. In this new model where everyone is brother, it is not allowed any more to leave with the stripped abandonment or the weak one, as that was the front case. Of course, the powerful clans of Mecque will do everything to eliminate this new proposal from company decreasing their capacity, but so accepted by weakest.
From the importance of this event, the calendar starts on this date, because it is on this date that the Oumma, the Muslim community, is born officially.
The exile with Yathrib
The events described below are primarily reported Coran, delivers holy Islam.Born 52 years earlier in a family from Arab merchants of Mecque, Mahomet receives messages of God the single one, Allah in Arabic, via the Archange Gabriel. Thus its prophetic mission begins. It is joined by several companions but those are the subject of violences and pressures on behalf of the merchants of Mecque, whose capacity is put at evil by the new religion. The latter indeed fear for the incomes drawn from the pilgrims come from all the Arab peninsula to request the idols of the sanctuary of Mecque, the Kaaba.
After having planned to leave Mecque for the oasis of Taïf, to a hundred kilometers in the south, Mahomet is approached by disciples originating in Yathrib, another city-oasis located at 400 kilometers in the north of Mecque.
June 23rd 622, in Aqaba, the representatives of Yathrib sign with the Prophet a treaty of alliance and agree to accommodate its disciples mecquois, on the whole 70 people. A little later the Prophet himself is solved to make the voyage towards Médine with a handle the faithful ones. Their departure of Mecque proceeds under the seal of the secrecy and mark the hégire. The date of this event is fixed at July 16th by the caliph Omar at the time of the development of new the Moslem Calendrier.
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