Gwalarn

Gwalarn (wind of Noroît into Breton) was a literary Revue in Breton Langue. By extension, the term also indicates the literary current which accompanies it. 166 numbers (of the 0 to the 165) appeared of 1925 at May 1944.

Roparz Hemon and Olivier Mordrel is the founders of the review Gwalarn in 1925.

History

The review becomes independent with its seventh number (1926). Olier Mordrel will not take part in it any more starting from 1928. Roparz Hemon will remain director until the last number about it.

Proclamation of Gwalarn

Here the text of proclamation of Gwalarn such as city by Alain Deniel. It was published in February 1925. It is during Défense and illustration of the French language for the Breton:

(...)
Gwalarn is before all something of nine and single: a literary review intended for the elite of the Breton-speaking public, and of which the ambition is nothing less than to engage the Breton literature on the way that for a long time follows the literature of many small nations: the Bohemian one, Flanders, Catalonia inter alia.
(...)
For the first time, a Breton-speaking review will provide work of an irreproachable literary behavior and, closing the door with the patois (even decorate with the name of dialects), will adopt a traditional language of form and a rigorously single orthography
(...)
Gwalarn, just as Breiz Atao, does not intend to mislead anybody. Gwalarn is an experiment: It acts to know if there exists in Brittany a public enough educated of Breton to be able to understand the literary language (as distant language of the Breton peasant as the language of Mr. France is of that of the French peasant), an enough enlightened public to follow a Breton literature who, while endeavouring to draw his sap in the genius of the race, wants to be of European spirit, taking as a starting point the European literary methods of today, as well in the expression as in the thought. It is a question of knowing if there exists in Brittany a public enough releases from the provincialism which its French education had assigns to him - rather intelligent and of enough modern spirit to support a review, of which many article, by its innovation even, will be able with the first access to surprise,
(...)
We repeat what we said so many times: the fate of our literature, to which that of our language is dregs, and consequently, of our nationality, is between the hands of the elite. On it success will depend on Gwalarn.
(...)
the columns of Gwalarn are open has all the feathers without reference to party. Adhesion with Gwalarn does not imply adhesion with Breton nationalism. The literature can be put at the service of the policy, but it does not depend on it primarily. There will be place in our literary review for the Breton idea; there will be place for a free art with respect to any doctrines. We also conceive that one can do it by pure esthetic feeling.
(...)

Contrary to what could be written, this proclamation is not in itself not racist: if it employs the term race , it is in the direction of Ethnie, running at the end of 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries (see for example S: What a nation?, of Renan, where the distinction between the word race-ethnos group and the race-biological word is made).

Principal collaborators

The principal collaborators are for the majority very young people. Roparz Hemon, Abeozen, Youenn Drezen, Jakez Riou, Gwilherm Berthou Kerverziou, Yannn-Eozen Jarl, Kenan Kongar, Fant Rozec (Meavenn), Langleiz, Maodez Glanndour.

Contents

The contents were varied:

Satellites

  • rear Brezoneg vugale (“the Breton one of the children”), collection with the use of the children, distributed in the schools which wished it, founded in 1928.
  • Kannadig Gwalarn (“the bulletin of Gwalarn”), re-examined popular, into Breton simpler (“ such as it is spoken in the countryside ”), with the eclectic contents, founded in 1932.
  • Levraoueg Gwalarn (“Library of Gwalarn”), of the booklets devoted to only one work.
  • Kornog , re-examined quarterly bilingual of Arts of Brittany founded in 1928, directed by Rene-Yves Creston.
  • North-Okcidento , in Esperanto, accompanied by translations in Irish and Welsh, re-examined founded 1928, ten numbers is appeared.

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