Gutai

The Gutai (具体) (1955 - 1972) is a movement Art istic of avant-garde Japan board

A movement of avant-garde of world importance

Gutai is one of the most important movement founder of the Contemporary art world. Little known, revealed in France and Europe by Michel Tapié, his influence on North-American art and European remainder underestimated. The term comes from gu , instrument and tai , tool, its adverb gutaiteki , concrete, incarnation.

The founder

Jirō Yoshihara, born in 1905 with Ōsaka, can be regarded as the founder and the theorist of the movement, but he declares: “I am a Master who does not have anything to learn to you, but I will create an optimum climate for creation. ” He is however already a recognized artist fifty years whereas all the others have between twenty and thirty-five years. This movement takes its source not with Tōkyō but the Kansai, area however famous plus traditionalist.

The text founder

The Manifeste of art Gutai is the text founder written by Jirō Yoshihara, in the review Geijutsu shincho ( Nouvelles artistic Tendencies ), published in Tōkyō, in December 1956.

Creative acts

Jirō Yoshida, Kazuo Shiraga, Sadamasa Motonaga and Akira Kanayama use the gesture, recall of the spontaneousness of the writing.

  • Yoshihara uses the penmanships reduced to only one feature.

  • Shiraga springs in the vacuum, held by a cord, projects painting and makes use of its feet like brush.

  • Kanayama invents a radio-controlled toy which, filled of color, traces a network of lines.

  • Shimamoto lacerates the table, and uses a gun which projects color.

  • Yoshida Toshio uses fire to mark pictorial surface.

  • Atsuko Tanaka develops the direction of hearing (installation of bells), of the sight (bulbs which flicker) and of the touch (costume decorated with bulbs).

  • Saburō Murakami place at the entry of an exposure of the paper screens which will be torn, as of varnishing, by the passage of the first visitor… All these practices show the diversity of the modes of creation.

Characteristics of the movement

Importance of material; works In situ; assigned role with the body of the artist; performances and pictorial gestuality (Re) is discovered by the Gutai movement. It is often, but not always, a transitory Art which leaves traces only by the Photographie.

It is freedom and the creativity after the lead coating of the military dictatorship then traumatism of the defeat of 1945. Gutai draws its origins from the Abstraction, of the Surréalisme, the movement Dada. It inspires the Action Painting of Jackson Pollock and a more remote way the French movement Supports/Surfaces. Formally Gutai is born with the beginning from 1955 under the impulse from Yoshihara which publishes in a review the Manifeste Gutai in 1956. Exposures of group are organized. In the Années 1960 the continuous motion but disperses in 1972, with died of Yoshihara.

A minority only of the members of Gutai will continue an artistic activity.

Artists

List nonexhaustive principal artists having founded or having joined the Gutai movement, starting from December 1954, with, for most important one bond giving a short biography:

External bonds

  1. ''Gutai.com'' : the most complete site on the movement Gutaï
  2. '' Gutai.org '': files of the Gutaï movement (in Japanese)

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