Gustave the Good

Gustave the Good , born with Nogent-le-Rotrou the Marnes-the-Vain May 7th 1841 and died in the December 13rd 1931, is a social psychologist, sociologist and scientific French amateur. Polygraph, he is the author of many works in which he approaches the theories of the national features, of the superiority of a race on another, of the behavioral disorder and the crowd psychology.

Biography

His/her father is registrar of mortgages. He makes his studies with the college of Tours, then at the medical college with Paris, where he obtains his doctorate in 1866.

He traverses the Europe, the Asia and the North Africa between the Années 1860 and 1880. He writes accounts of voyage, works of Archéologie and Anthropologie on civilizations of the East. Its first great best-seller is however the publication in 1894 of the psychological Lois of the evolution of the people , which popularizes the style which is worth its reputation to him. The following year, he writes the Crowd psychology .

The Good participle thereafter actively with the French intellectual life. In 1902, it launches a series of “lunches of Wednesday” to which are invited personalities such as Henri and Raymond Poincaré, Paul Valéry and Henri Bergson.

The ideas contained in the Crowd psychology played a big role at the beginning of the 20th century. Thus, the work of Sigmund Freud, collective Psychology and analyzes to ego , appeared in 1921, is clearly founded on a criticism of the work of the Good.

The Good was one of the largest popularizers of the theories of the Inconscient at one time when the new theories of the action were formed. Its ideas on the crowd psychology would have thus influenced the totalitarian theories appeared in the Années 1920. The Mein Kampf of Adolf Hitler, just as the methods Bolsheviks, are largely inspired by the techniques of propaganda analyzed in the work of Gustave the Good. In fact, the Good did nothing but analyze these phenomena, which can be used just as easily with ideological handling of crowd that to the awakening of the risks as handling.

Its work on the crowd psychology was used in first half of the 20th century by researchers in sociology of the Média such as Hadly Cantril or Herbert Blumer to describe the reactions of the groups vis-a-vis the media.

The Good also contributed to the debates on the nature of the matter and energy. Its book the Evolution of the matter , republished a dozen time, was very popular in France. However, some of its ideas, in particular on the matter, which it describes like fundamentally unstable and transforming itself constantly and slowly into light generator ether, were rejected by the scientists of the time, inter alia by Henri Poincaré. In 1896, it paid to have observed a new kind of Radiation which it called “black light” (concept different from the black Lumière current). Later, one realized that it did not exist.

It was redécouvert in France thanks to Serge Moscovici at the time of the fiftieth anniversary of died of the sociologist in 1981 with " The Age of the foules" (Editions Complexes) which treats precursors of social psychology, namely Gustave the Good, Gabriel Tarde and Sigmund Freud. For Moscovici, the Good (in which it sees the " Machiavel of the companies of masse") is that which, the first, seized the importance of the role of the masses in the historical process and typology outlined some. The work of the sociologist will inspire with Catherine Rouvier, a work crowned by the Fabien price of the French Academy in 1987 (PUF, Paris, 1986) the political Ideas of Gustave the Good or the measurement of irrational in policy .

Works

Voyages, history and psychology

  • Voyage to the mount Tatras
  • Voyage to Nepal
  • the Man and companies - Their origins and their history
  • the First Civilizations of the East
  • the Civilization of the Arabs
  • Ages of India
  • Monuments of India
  • psychological Laws of the evolution of the people
  • Crowd psychology
  • Psychology of socialism
  • Psychology of political education
  • Psychology
  • Opinions and the beliefs
  • the French revolution and the psychology of revolutions
  • Aphorisms of time present
  • the Life of the psychological truths
  • Lesson of the European war
  • First consequences of the war
  • Yesterday and tomorrow
  • Uncertainties of the hour presents
  • Psychologie of times new
  • the Imbalance of the world
  • scientific Bases of a philosophy of the history

Scientific research

  • the Smoke of the tobacco
  • anatomical and mathematical Research on the variations of volume of the brain and on their relationships to the intelligence (1879)
  • graphic Method and the recording devices
  • photographic Rising
  • current Horsemanship and its principles. Experimental research

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