Gustave Guillaume

See also: Guillaume

Gustave Guillaume (1883 - 1960) is a linguist French, author of an original theory which counts today a certain number of followers and continuators.

He was discovered in 1909 by large the Linguiste Antoine Meillet. Self-educated, and equipped with a vast culture and an lively interest for the Language S, it worked then in a Parisian bank where Meillet had an account. Having recognized in him a spirit of a great intellectual value, Meillet invited it to follow its courses to the practical École of the high studies and to the Collège de France.

Encouraged by Meillet, Gustave Guillaume launched out in linguistic research. It published initially a short work entitled Études of Grammaire Logique compared: the last ones of the Indicative French, German and Russian (1911), then Studies of logical French grammar: the place of the Mode in the Time, in the space (1912-1913), whose two volumes are devoted respectively to the Article and the present indicative.

In 1919 was published its first great work, the problem of the article , which inaugurates a phenomenologic approach quasi Langage, very different from that of its contemporary Ferdinand de Saussure. Contrary to this last, Gustave Guillaume seeks to include/understand the language in a total way, including and especially in its psychological dimension . This research will find a result masterly in Temps and verb (1929). The linguistics of Gustave Guillaume, centered on the study of the relationship between the language and the thought, was baptized psychomecanic or psychosystematic .

Gustave Guillaume taught with the practical École of the high studies.

The psychomécanique one in Time and verb

The theory of Guillaume is based on the postulate which the spirit puts of time to think something, and which even if it is about a very short time, he can make the object of a study:

“As of the moment that the language is expressed, which one has in front of oneself is thought thought. The thinking thought, which created this thought thought, is closed, died. And the linguist who trusts the only resources of the direct observation sometimes happens ineluctably too late to seize himself some. ”

The concept of seized of the thought is fundamental in Guillaume. According to him, very thought a movement operates (from where time that the spirit puts to think). The thought moving is seized at one time given, from where a more or less completed realization of the direction of the word or thought time. It is this seizure which it is necessary to study, and not the result. After having recalled that traditional grammar represents time in the shape of an infinite line divided in past-present-future, and having conceded that this figuration “is completed, more " réalisée" that one can conceive” ===

“Image-time seized over this initial moment of the chronogénèse is time in installation (i.e. an image which the thought at all did not carry out, but that it is, nevertheless, in power to realize)”.

Time in fieri

Time in fieri is very started but not completed image time. It is “the transition” from time in installation to time in ess . Time in fieri is for Guillaume the mode, image more completed than that which comprises only the aspect (time in installation ), but less completed than time in fieri (image which comprises the three times, past, present, future). Accordingly,

“the indicative representation would be more completed representation, more carried out than the subjunctive representation . ” ===

Time in ess is the completed image of time, because the three times come to supplement in the chronogénèse the unfinished image of time in fieri which comprised only aspect and mode.

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Funds Gustave Guillaume

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