Gurûs of the sikhism

The Sikhs recognize eleven Gurû , ten having lived in flesh and bone, and the last which incarnates the heart of the ten precedents and taking the shape of a book, the Siri Guru Granth Sahib :

  • Gurû Nanak (1469 - 1539) founds the religion sikh

  • Gurû Angad (1504 - 1552) creates the alphabet Gurmukhî and composes 62 anthems.
  • Gurû Amar Das (1479 - 1574) installs the community of Sikhs with Goindwal, not far from current the Amritsar. It also initiates the tradition of the Langar , or meal taken jointly by all the faithful ones beyond their social statuses, their origins racial, of their sex. It militates ardently against many practices, the such child murder of the girls, the immolation of the widows, the reclusion of the women, the segregation of the castes, etc
  • Gurû RAM Das (1534 - 1581) founds the town of Amritsar and begins the construction of the Temple of Gold
  • Gurû Arjan (1563 - 1606) finishes the construction of the Temple of Gold and compiles the Âdi Granth . It is martyrisé by the capacity moghol, on order of Jahângîr, to have refused to make enter the tradition sikh under the yoke of the Islam.
  • Gurû Hargobind (1595 - 1645) proclaims holder of the temporal authority ( Miri ) as much as spiritual ( Piri ) and raises a army to defend Sikhs and the people of the Panjâb against fundamentalism Moghol.
  • Gurû Har Rai (1630 - 1661) continues the task of its predecessor, preaches in all India of North and consolidates the foundations of the community of Sikhs
  • Gurû Har Krishan (1656 - 1664), the Gurû Child, becomes gurû at five years and dies of the Variole three years later. It is thus only the gurû illustrated without barb.
  • Gurû Tegh Bahadur (1622 - 1676) is decapitated on order of Aurangzeb to have lent refuge to Brahmane S of the Cachemire and to have refused to convert with Islam.
  • Gurû Gobind Singh (1666 - 1708) the last gurû incarnated. It supplements the Âdi Granth , militarizes Sikhs, forms the Khâlsâ Panth. It founds the baptism, the adoption of five K and the adoption of the patronyms Singh (Lion) for the men and Kaur (Princess) for the women. After many last years to fight the troops mogholes and persecutions of Aurangzeb, he crowns the Siri Guru Granth Sahib like his ultimate successor.
  • the Siri Guru Granth Sahib, the Book, Ultimate Guru the demonstration in its form more élémentaitaire of the " Shabad Guru

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