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This page relates to the year 1221 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Asia

Japan

Iran

  • Gengis Khan seizes the Khârezm. It takes and plunders Balkh whose population is massacred.
  • February: The inhabitants of Merv, taken by Tolui, are decapitated and their heads laid out in pyramids in front of the city. Tolui takes Nishapur and makes some massacre the population, then walk on Herat which goes (it saves the civilians). Ghaznî is taken by Ögödei.
  • the lieutenants of Gengis Khan, Djebe and Subutay, carry out a raid around Caspian (end in 1223) with the head of 20.000 riders: Ray and Hamadan is put at bag, the Georgia, the the Caucasus and the the Crimea is devastated, the destroyed Bulgarian kingdom of the the Volga.

India

  • the Mongolian attack the Sultanat Delhi. The last sovereign of the Khârezm, Djala AD-DIN Mengü Berti, driven out by the Mongols of Gengis Khan, takes refuge with Lahore (December). He does not manage to convince Iltutmish to send troops against the Mongols. Later, those arrive in India reach the Indus, then move back vis-a-vis the climate.

  • Iltutmish transforms the conquests Ghurides into India in a hereditary monarchy. It is pressed on an administration largely made up of the Turks and Iranians who flee the Mongolian advance in Central Asia. The army remains between the hands of the Turks whose chiefs are gratifiés land incomes drawn from the conquest (iqtâ). The court, whose label takes as a starting point the Samanides, grants an important place to the Oulémas and the Soufis.

The Middle East

Egypt

Eastern Europe

  • Foundation of Nijni-Novgorod.
  • Creation of the dioceses of Przemyls and Uhrusk-Chelm. Antoine, archbishop of Novgorod must, on order of the métropolite Mathieu, to leave his seat to take the head of évêché of Przemysl.
  • Beginning of the Mongolian raids in Russia (fine in 1223). They are not maintained there, but the shock is enough to ruin the Russian principalities and to withdraw the country from the European influences.
  • Beginning of the reign of Wislaw I {{er}}, prince of Rügen.

Western Europe

  • February 6th: Marriage of the king d' Aragon Jacques Ier with Aliénor de Castille.

Art & culture

  • Beginning of the construction of the Cathedral of Rheims (fine in 1287).
  • Beginning of the rebuilding of the cathedral of Burgos in Spain.
  • Foundation of the University of Padoue ( Padova ) in Italy by Frederic II (or in 1222?)
  • Montpellier, under the impulse of Jewish driven out Andalusia, becomes a center of medical studies, then legal.
  • the convents of the preaching friars are divided into provinces, are directed by a prior and a provincial chapter. With died of Dominique saint to Bologna, the order counts a score of convents of preachers and four of moniales.
  • the Dominicain S settle with London.
  • François d' Assise writes the rule about the minor brothers ( Regula PRIMA ), promulgated by the pope Honorius III in 1223. It is withdrawn then in its hermitage of Portioncule on the Alverne mount, in Toscane where, weakened by the disease, the extases and the appearance of marks, it writes the Cantique of the Creatures or Cantique of the brother sun , first poem in Italian language (dialect ombrien) in 1224. He dies in 1226.
  • the first fragments of literature in Polish language go back to this time, in particular a poem on the Lutgarde duchess who had been strangled by her husband and another on the battle of Zawichots of 1205, remainders undoubtedly of an important production travelling jugglers.
  • Japan: Heike monogatari or History of Heike, poem epic reporting the fall of Will conceal (fine in 1240).

Births in 1221

Death in 1221

Be-X-old: 1221 Map-bms: 1221 Simple: 1221

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