Guillaume III of England

Childhood

Born with $the Hague (Netherlands), eight days after the death of his/her father of the continuations of the Variola. His/her mother, Marie Henriette Stuart is the oldest daughter of Charles Ier of England. Starting from 1685, the king of England, Jacques II is opposed to the Parliament and wants to restore the Absolute monarchy. The Parliament then asks for the intervention of Guillaume, protesting, son-in-law of Jacques II. Overcome, this last flees in France and takes refuge near Louis XIV.

Family

Wire of Guillaume II of Orange-Nassau and Marie Henriette Stuart.

Third Anglo-Dutch war

June 28th 1672, it is named at the station of Stathouder Netherlands and general captain of the forces being opposed to the invasion by the France within the framework of the Guerre of Holland and the Third Anglo-Dutch War. To the head of the coalition directed by the United Provinces, Guillaume runs from Holland to the first noises of the head office of Saint-Omer. Its troops meet the French Army directed by Philippe of Orleans (the brother of Louis XIV) close to Cassel, with Noordpeene. The army Dutchwoman is demolished on Sunday, April 11, 1677 during the Bataille of Peene. Saint-Omer falls a few days later. He succeeds in obtaining peace in 1678 with the treaties of Nimègue. He endeavors to cause an alliance anti-Frenchwoman, the Ligue of Augsburg. The most important event to arrive to this result takes place the previous year.

After the end of the the Commonwealth of England (puritan) and the restoration, Charles II arranges the marriage of Marie, the girl of her younger brother the duke of York to his William of Orange cousin in 1677. When Charles II dies without legitimate child, the crown passes to the duke, from now on Jacques II. It is notorious that Jacques is catholic, and its wife also, probably. The anti-papism is with its maximum, and the members of the dissenting religions (the various Protestant churches including the Presbytérien S, the independent ones (nowadays Baptiste S, and the Quakers), are among those which rebel against a possible conversion with the Catholicisme. However Jacques II is tolerated because of the Protestantisme of his Marie heiress and his wife.

Coup d'etat carefully

Crisis occurs when the quadragénaire Jacques has a son James Francis Edward Stuart, which thus pushes back Marie in the line of succession, and is likely to install a catholic dynasty in England. A powerful conspiracy the notable ones, the immortal Seven, invites Guillaume and Marie to deposit Jacques. The Parlement starts to take measures to raise a military force. The war bursts between the Ligue of Augsburg and France, and to associate England, the couple unloads with Brixham in the Devon on November 5th 1688, and succeeds in capturing Jacques in the Kent. This blow without bloodshed, contrary to the last violent one of the civil war and the War of the Two-Pinks, is named the Glorieuse Revolution . Jacques II, his wife and their son take refuge in France.

Co-reign

The intention of the Parliament is to give the throne to Marie, but it declines the offer. It is not only nervous with the idea to only control, but Guillaume is anxious of his statute. February 13rd 1689, their Co-reign is made official. Guillaume becomes Guillaume III of England and Marie, Marie II of England. In exchange, the declaration of the rights is adopted as well as the Acte of agreement of 1701. The effect of these two measurements is to return to the Parliament the supreme capacity to England (and shortly after in the United Kingdom), and to make Protestantism a factor more important than the blood tie for the transmission of the throne. Guillaume and Marie are crowned the April 11th 1689.

In practice, at the time of the first part of their reign, Marie acts like an administrator and Guillaume as commander of operations. Their three children, born in the first years of their union, before their accession with the throne, are all died with the birth. During their reign and that of Anne, the presence of Jacques II on the continent throws doubts and links the dissidents. Jacques II tries to exploit this dissatisfaction, as will do it its descendants, his/her son Jacques Edouard Stuart, later on known like the old applicant , and his grandson, Charles Edouard Stuart, like the young applicant or “Bonnie Prince Charlie”. In 1690, Guillaume orders with the Bataille of Boyne which puts an end to the Irish rebellion of Jacques II, and maintains it out of British Isles. Later Guillaume guerroie against the French in Flanders, naming of the Dutchmen to order, without much success on the ground, the army and the navy British with the displeasure of the officers. It also makes come from the troops of the Netherlands to keep London.

Guillaume has several Favori S males, in particular a baillif of Rotterdam: bailiff Van Zuylen van Nijveld. He allots titles of English nobility to two of these supposed lovers who honestly serve it as brokers: Hans Willem Bentinck, who become count de Portland, and Arnold Joost van Keppel count d' Albemarle.

Peace of Rijswijk

Marie dies of variola in 1694. Guillaume continues his reign. In 1697, it obtains the end of the war under favorable conditions with the Paix of Rijswijk. Using without scruple the British resources to support its native land, it becomes gradually unpopular.

Died and succession

In 1702 it dies of the continuations of a fall of horse.

According to the laws adopted at the time of its reign, the thrones of the the United Kingdom are transmitted to the sister of Marie. The Netherlands pass under the control of Jean Guillaume Friso. The so close relations between the two countries take distance.

Result

Alliance created has like consequences to restrict the ambitions of France, whereas this one is in position to impose its will on most of Europe.

Another consequence, of legal order and monk, is that the opposition between the communities remains always very sharp, in particular in the northern part of the Ireland.

Guillaume III of England is resulting from the Orange-Nassau line (second branch) which has for ascending the line of Nassau-Dillenbourg. This second branch is resulting from the first branch of the Maison of Nassau. The Orange-Nassau line belonged to the Ottonienne stem which gave stathouders, kings with the Netherlands.

This Orange-Nassau line died out with Guillaume III of England (1702).

Internal bonds

Simple: William III off England

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