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William McKinley , born in 1843 and died in 1901, is the twenty-fifth President of the United States of America. He is elected for a first mandate of 1897 to 1901 and is assassinated at the beginning of its second mandate in 1901.
The United States finished their expansion on the continent of North America. McKinley starts the conquest of new horizons in the the Caribbean and the Pacific Ocean with the detriment of the Spanish colonial Empire. It launches its country in commercial competition with the countries of Europe on the Asian markets, China in particular.
Biography
W. McKinley is born the January 29th 1843 with Niles in the State from the Ohio, the seventh of the eight children of William McKinley and Nancy Allison. His/her parents are of Scottish origin and his/her father has a workshop of foundry. He attends the public school, Poland Academy and Allegheny College. After its diploma it becomes teaching. It engages like private in the army of the Union at the beginning of the American Civil War in 1861. It is demobilized in 1865 with the rank of captain. During the war it was used under the orders as Rutherford Beam, the future president, who remained his friend.
After the war, he studies the Droit. In 1867 it opens a lawyer office with Canton (Ohio) and is elected prosecutor of its county of 1869 to 1871.
He was freemason.
Political career
W. McKinley is the candidate of the Republican party to the legislative elections and he is elected of 1877 with 1891 before becoming governor of Ohio until in 1896.
Presidency
1897
March 4th: nomination of William McKinley as a twenty-fifth president of the United States of America. Its speech is an economic program and a reform of the monetary system.
March 15th: McKinley convenes the Congress for a special session intended to increase the customs duties.
July 24th: McKinley signs the law “Dingley” which increases the customs duties and ensures the protectionism of the US economy. These rights are also a major resource of the budget of the federal government.
December 6th: in its annual speech with the Congress, McKinley attacks Spain for its treatment of the insurrection in Cuba.
1898
February 9th: a letter of the ambassador of Spain insulting for president McKinley is intercepted and published in a New Yorkean newspaper.
April 11th: McKinley asks for the vote of a budget of 50 M$ to use the armed forces in order to stop the civil war in Cuba. The resolution affirms that the United States does not intend to annex the island.
19 - April 25th: president McKinley orders the maritime blockade of Cuba at the same time as it launches the recruitment of an army of 150 000 volunteers (under the orders of Theodore Roosevelt, who will succeed McKinley). The war with Spain is declared.
May 1st: the American navy destroys the Spanish fleet in Manila. The local government was not with the current of the state of war. McKinley launches the recruitment of 75 000 additional volunteers to conquer Philippines.
June 13rd: McKinley signs a law allowing the financing of the war starting from the taxation of alcohol, the tobacco, the plays and certain commercial transactions.
August 12th: signature of the armistice enters the United States and Spain. The latter loses Cuba, Puerto-Rico and Guam. The fate of Philippines will be treated later by the Treaty of Paris which envisages their independence after a takeover by the United States.
December 5th: in its annual speech with the Congress, McKinley announces its intention to make build a channel between the Atlantic and the Pacific.
1899
May 29th: McKinley signs an active decree against the directives of its predecessor, Grover Cleveland. Several thousands of federal stations are allotted by the political power rather than to the merit.
December 5th: in its annual speech with the Congress, McKinley is interested particularly in the foreign politics and affirms American sovereignty on the Pacific Islands.
1900
March 7th: McKinley signs the law instituting the Gold Standard and guaranteeing the value of the dollar.
19 - June 21st: republican convention indicates McKinley like candidate for a second presidential mandate. Theodore Roosevelt is candidate with the vice-presidency to replace Garret Hobart deceased during its mandate.
November 6th: McKinley is re-elected.
1901
March 4th: nomination of William McKinley for a second presidential mandate.
June 11th: McKinley announces that he will not be candidate for a third mandate.
September 6th: whereas McKinley attends the Pan-American exposure of Buffalo, New York, a 28 year old anarchist, Leon Czolgosz, draws two balls in the chest to him.
September 14th: McKinley dies of the continuations of its wounds. Its assassin will be condemned to died and carried out one month later.
Foreign politics
The United States finished their expansion on the continent of North America. McKinley makes use of the feeling anti-Spanish in Cuba to counter the Spaniards. Following the destruction of the frigate “Maine” the war is declared and it will lead to the annexation of Spanish colonies in the Caribbean (Cuba and Puerto Rico) and the Pacific (Filipino Guam and ). McKinley will justify this annexation while affirming to have had a discussion with God during the night, in the corridors of the White House, ordering to him to preserve Philippines to civilize and christianize the natives. It is the beginning of a new American imperialism for which it is necessary to associate the commercial penetration in the countries of Asia, China in particular, in competition with the European powers.
Interior policy
In 1898 McKinley launches out in a fight against the large industrial conglomerates which, at that time, dominate the markets. It creates a parliamentary commission of the industrial affairs whose report/ratio will be used as a basis for its successor, Theodore Roosevelt, in his attacks against the “richissimes criminals”.
The high customs duties continue to protect the US economy at the same time as they feed the budget of the federal government. McKinley makes use of it to negotiate trade agreements with other countries and to support the economic expansion of the United States. During its second mandate it will institute the Gold Standard like reference for the dollar.
Policy concerning the civic rights, the minorities and immigration
The States of the South continue the fight against the integration of the Blacks, in particular in their refusing the right to vote thanks to various tactics to make difficult their inscription on the electoral rolls. McKinley does not react against these abuses. In particular, he condemns the lynching of the Blacks in his speeches but does not do anything to prevent them.
Policy partisane
During its first McKinley electoral campaign is satisfied to make speeches from at his place with the deputy ones which come to meet it, in the tradition of this time campaigns. However it receives more than 4 M$ in contributions on behalf of industrialists who support his economic policy and who will be used to print more than 200 million as leaflets (for 15 million voters!).
Anecdotes
William McKinley marries Ida Saxton the January 25th 1871 with the First Presbytérienne Church, Canton, Stark, Ohio.
McKinley is a Christian practitioner who admits to request before making important decisions. This practice gives a certain credit to the anecdote according to which it would have been inspired by God at the time of his decision to preserve the Filipino .
During the summer 1899: McKinley becomes the first president to be gone up in Automobile during its summer holidays in its birthplace of Ohio.
Homages
The Mount McKinley in Alaska, more the high summit of North America, bears the name of the president.
Between 1928 and 1946 its portrait is reproduced on the tickets of 500 $.
Simple: William McKinley
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