Group periodic table

A group of periodic table is a vertical column of the periodic Tableau of the elements. There are 18 groups in the standard table.

It is not a chance if several of these groups correspond directly to a chemical series. The table was invented to organize the chemical series known in a coherent diagram.

The current explanation of the reasons in the periodic table comes owing to the fact that the elements of the same group have the same electronic configuration of their most external layer. As the chemical behavior is mainly dictated by the interactions of these electrons, that tends to give to the elements of the same group the same chemical and physical properties.

Classification of the groups

There are 3 manners of numbering the groups in the periodic table. One using the Arab numbers, and two others using the Roman numbers.

Classifications per Roman numbers is the historical manner to name the groups. The use of the Arab numbers is now recommended by UICPA to replace old classification.

There is a great confusion around two old systems used, (old UICPA and the CASE) which combine the use of Roman numbers with letters. In old system UICPA, the letter has was used for the right part and the letter B for the left part, whereas in the system CASES the letter has and B was used for the elements of the principal group ( has ), and for the transition metals ( B ). The system CASE was used more in Europe, whereas the other was it mainly in the United States. New system UICPA was introduced to replace these two systems.

The groups of the periodic table are the following (between brackets old classification: European and American):

  • Group 1 (IA, IA): the alkaline metals

  • Group 2 (IIA, IIA): the alkaline-earth metals
  • Group 3 (IIIA, IIIB): the Rare earths
  • Group 4 (IVA, IVB)
  • Group 5 (GOES, VB)
  • Groupe 6 (VIA, VIB)
  • Groupe 7 (VIIA, VIIB)
  • Groupe 8 (VIIIA, VIIIB)
  • Groupe 9 (VIIIA, VIIIB)
  • Groupe 10 (VIIIA, VIIIB)
  • Groupe 11 (IB, IB)
  • Groupe 12 (IIB, IIB)
  • Groupe 13 (IIIB, IIIA)
  • Groupe 14 (IVB, IVA): the Cristallogène S
  • Group 15 (VB, GOES): the Pnictogène S
  • Group 16 (VIB, VIA): the Chalcogène S
  • Group 17 (VIIB, VIIA): Halogenous S
  • Group 18 (VIIIB, VIIIA): the Rare gas S

One can also note that the Actinides and the Lanthanides do not have a number of group and are then gathered in a group without number.

---- Note: the style of Wikipédia should be to use new system UICPA with the mention of the old system when necessary

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