Gregoire VII
Hildebrand (towards 1020/1030 - 1085), wire of a carpenter in Tuscan, becomes Pape under the name of Gregoire VII .
Hildebrand is as of before 1050 in the entourage of the reforming popes, who on several occasions send it as legate to take care of the application of their decisions. It is one of the collaborator close relations of Alexandre II and in June 1073 succeeds to him.
Its pontificate is dominated by three intentions, whose realization constitutes the reform known as Gregorian: to fight against the simony, the traffic of the benefit and in particular of évêchés; to purify manners of the clergy (obligation of the celibacy of the priests); to recall the base evangelic that no one political power on the ground can be made main of the destinies of the Church but only on the contrary, founded on the primacy of the Pierre Apostle, obedience by all is due to the Pope, his successor, to start with the tender of the princes who control the Christian people. Gregoire VII then promulgates, in 1075, the famous Dictatus Papae, canonically defining these doctrines to thwart the Césaro-papism, namely: interference of the political power in the government of the Church (see Quarrel of the Nominations). Being pressed on princes like Philippe I {{er}} or William the Conqueror, the Pope manages to reduce the prerogatives of the Féodalité and to set up an episcopate much more independent of the sysème of the secular fidelities.
Gregoire VII finds in the Ordre of Cluny, wide on the whole of Latin Christendom beyond the political borders, the ally necessary to such a company. The fight of the Priesthood and the Empire, and in particular the acute conflict with the emperor Henri IV which it excommunicates (1074) before leading it to humiliate itself in front of him in Canossa, in 1077, largely dominates the activity of the Holy See. In 1084, when the emperor Henri IV, being opposed to the Pope again, takes Rome, Gregoire VII excommunicates it again and called upon the army Norman of Robert Guiscard with which it was reconciled to resist Henri IV. However, the troops of Robert Guiscard are delivered to plundering in Rome, causing the revolt of the people, which leads Gregoire VII to settle for a time in Salerno, where his death occurs.
Having achieved one of the most important pontificates of the History, one at the same time courageous and tough temperament, and of a really holy personal life, the pope dies on May 25th, 1085. The changing will effectively be taken ten years later by Urbain II. Gregoire VII is declared holy and canonized in 1606 by Paul V.
See too
Simple: Pope Gregory VII
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