Gregoire IX
Gregoire IX , born Ugolino de Anagni (towards 1145 - August 22nd, 1241), “ Opinion Ostiensis ” in the Prophecy of Saint Malachie. Pope of 1227 at 1241, successor of Honorius III, it inherited the traditions of Gregoire VII and its cousin Innocent III.
Gregoire IX, then Innocent IV takes again the theocratic theories of Innocent III, his/her cousin, justifying the absolute sovereignty of the pope by the false donation of Constantin, the transfer of the imperial capacity of the East towards the Occident, the dedication by which only the pope makes the emperor, the theory of the two swords showing that sovereign pontiff exempts the temporal power. One of the first acts of its pontificate was to suspend the Emperor Frederic II, for his delay to undertake the Sixth crusade. The suspension was followed by the Excommunication and of the threats of deposition after Frederic II had complained about this treatment near the other sovereigns. The Emperor tried an invasion of the Papal States in 1228 but it failed and he was constrained to beseech the discharge and the lifting of excommunication.
April 13rd, 1231, Gregoire IX published the papal bubble Parens Scientiarum Universitas, which came to confer the privileges as well as the interdicts concerning the academics.
The Romans raised themselves after this period against the pope and it had to be exiled with Anagni and to ask for the assistance of Frederic II against the citizens of the Eternal City in 1232.
The hostilities between the Emperor and the pope began again then and the Pope renewed an excommunication in 1239, which started a new war whose Gregoire IX did not see the end since he died on August 22nd, 1241.
The pope, who had been a lawyer scholar, made join together in 1234 the Nova Compilatio Decretalium . It is him which organized the Canonization Sainte Elisabeth of Hungary, Dominique de Guzmán, Antoine de Padoue, and François d' Assise, which he had personally known. He instituted the Sainte Enquiry .
He was in conflict also with the king Henri III of England and its conflicts with the king of France Louis IX would have pushed the king to write the Pragmatic Sanction (but it is estimated that this text would be much later or that he would be even makes a forgery of the 14th century of them).
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