Grand Duchy of Finland
The Grand Duchy of Finland (or Grand Duchy) was the State predecessor of current the Finland when its territory was an element of the imperial Russia between 1809 and 1917.
Finland is used on several occasions of battle field and stake between the empires Swedish and Russian. At the time Napoleonean, Sweden had to give up it with the tsar Alexandre I {{er}} by the treaty of Hamina or Fredrikshamm of September 17th, 1809. The country consequently became an autonomous Grand Duchy of the Russian empire. Helsinki becomes capital Grand Duchy in 1812 and it is as from this time that the city starts to grow in influence. Contrary at the time Swedish, Finland is not a territory with whole share of the Empire, but an autonomous region. The tsars showed more or less respectful this autonomy, and especially tried all, except notable for Alexandre II, to Russianize this area. It is this autonomy which was at the origin of the movement for the Indépendance of the country as from the 19th century.
Alexandre II testified to a remarkable liberality with respect to the Finnish people (like more generally of its other subjects) and supported the emergence of a national literature. It is thus in particular through the culture and its intellectuals that Finland will see developing its movement for independence. Thus the publication on February 28th, 1835 of a collection of thirty-two songs inspired of the traditional tales of Karelia and Kainuu under the name of Kalevala ( Country of the heroes ) by a Finnish country doctor, Elias Lönnrot, became the base of the Finnish culture. This work inspired thereafter by other large Finnish artists, like the painter Akseli Gallen-Kallela (1865-1931) and the type-setter Jean Sibelius (1865-1957), and on February 28th is still commemorated like a national festival in Finland. The writings of Johan Ludvig Runeberg also poked the movement for independence. The recognition of the Finns for the “tsar liberator” is still sharp, since its statue throne always today on the place of the Senate.
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