Grammar of the Basque

If Basque grammar is of a radical originality, it is estimated that 75% of the vocabulary come from geographically close languages (Celtic, Latin, Gascon, novel of Navarre, Spanish, French).

General information

The Basque is a agglutinant Langue, where suffixes or radicals can be behind coupled of other suffixes or radicals. The kind (female/male) does not exist, except attache with the verb for the use of the tu.
The Basque generally follows a syntax SOV even OVS in certain rare cases.

The numerical system of the Basque has the effect of being vigesimal (bases 20) as in old French, Breton or Danish.

But the most important characteristic lies in the fact that out of Basque one combines often only the auxiliary of the verb, and that this auxiliary does not agree only with the subject as in French: this one also agrees with the complements, known as direct and indirect in French.

Examples

Example 1:

Audrey will etxera joaten da .
Audrey goes to the house.

The auxiliary takes the form da because it agrees only with the subject to the third anybody: Audrey. It would take different forms if the subject were " je" or " vous" for example.

Example 2:

Audreyk ogia eramaten of the .
Audrey brings the bread.

Here the subject is always Audrey, but the auxiliary changes because it also agrees with the bread. If the COD changes, the auxiliary will also change:
Audreyk (nor) eramaten nau (Audrey brings me).

Example 3:

Audreyk Juliri ogia eramaten dio .
Audrey brings the bread to Julie.

Here there is always Audrey and the bread, but the auxiliary changes because one specifies to whom it gives it.

Conclusion:

There exists thus as many forms as of combinations possible between these three variables. Fortunately this conjugation obeys a very regular system.

To finish

The traditional conclusive sentence is:

“Ukan gabe emaiten ahal den gauza will bakarra… zoriona da. ”

That one translates by reversing quasi systematically the word order:

“happiness is the only thing which one can give without having it. ”

Phonetics and pronunciation

Consonants

Vocal (except in Souletin)

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