The gréement of a Sailing ship is consisted of the whole of the Espar S (Mât S, Bôme S, Tangon S, etc), current Manœuvres (Drisse S, listening S, etc), standing Rigging (stay S, stay S, etc) being used for regulating, establishing and operating the Voilure. The word comes from the norrois greida . Most of the maritime vocabulary comes from the norrois.

Dormant Gréement

One gréement calls sleeping all the nonmobile parts of gréement:

Current Gréement

contrary, it consists of all the moving parts of gréement:

Types of gréement

See also: List of the gréements

The whole of the propelling apparatus (gréement, espars, veils) of a sailing ship are insoluble of its designation. Their forms, their powers and their qualities of use were the reflection of the adequacy between a boat and its use, the whole having evolved/moved with technologies. The staying, formerly out of natural fibers, passed to the ropes steel wire galvanized then to the steel wire ropes stainless, and on the sailing ships of performance, one rather uses round or shaped bars of stainless and today of the textile fibers (Kevlar in particular, always sheathed to protect fibers from the rays of the sun) whose principal advantage is the profit of weight in the tops. The mast in is today generally profiled aluminum on the sailing ships of series, but one also meets the wood lamellate-stuck which preserves all its interest, especially on the units to mast deprived of stay known as " mast libre" or on sailing ships " modern Romantiques" , as well as masts in composites. An exception, masts of the sailing ship " Inox" of Marcel Bardiaux which is out of sheet steel stainless rolled and riveted, technique which approaches the masts of the sailing ship last of trade to veil which were out of riveted steel.

With a mast

  • Misainier with only one sail, gréement often non-existent door frame (mast simply planted in the hull)
  • Sloop with a grand' veil and a Jib, gréement generally very simple and easy to implement.
  • Cutter with a grand' veil, a jib and a Trinquette, some times a sail of arrow and/or a square sail (one speaks then about cutter-with-topsail, widespread in Northern Europe).
  • Alternative: the Cutter with rattletrap , which is a cutter with a back matereau not fixes, carrying an auxiliary sail to stabilize walk at the time of the operations of fishing for example.

Gréements of sloop

There are two types of gréement on the majority of the current sailing ships, dependant on the reports/ratios of power between the jib and the grand' veil. Technological advances, in the tarpaulins in particular (terylene, kevlar, etc), thus supported the appearance of these veils cut very well and very effective which are the Génois (outer jib which recovers the grand' veil partially)

  • gréement the heading : the stay (the cable which connects the chechmate to the stem) is fixed in with respect to the Pataras (the cable which connects the chechmate to the table postpones),

  • the gréements split : the stay is fixed low than the Pataras. One speaks then about gréement " fractionné" because one speaks then about gréement 7/8 or 9/10 according to the report/ratio the heights of fixing. This provision supports the back bending of the chechmate which makes it possible to optimize the form of the grand' veil

  • gréement the Bergström , in full expansion because of its simplicity and of its robustness, behavior of the chechmate being ensured by a strong triangulation by bars of arrows which avoid Pataras and Bastaque S, rather used on fairly slim gréements equipped with mainsails with strong round of fall very powerful and jibs gréés with the 7/8°.

Only small inconvenience, an opening of large veil more limited to the back wind because of the greatest retreat of the side stays and the broad bars of arrow.

With two masts

  • Brig : the veils all are square, it can be added a sail of Artimon and veils of stay between the masts. One starts to have gréement a more complex door frame, fact, on the one hand, of higher size of the unit and, on the other hand, need for being able to adjust the two masts not to interfere between the two systems velic.
  • Brigantine : the mast of before (grand' mast) has square sails (as for a brig), the back (mizzen) is equipped with a Fore-and-aft sail with arrow. There can be veils of stay between the masts.
  • Goélette : the two masts are equal or the grand' mast is with the back and the veils all are fore-and-aft or bermudiennes. One could see some goélettes with topsail (for example: Star and Beautiful Hen , of the French national marine).
  • Schooner-brig : opposite of the brigantine, with a mast of Foresail to square sails and a grand' mast with fore-and-aft sails.
  • Ketch : sailing ship with two masts, that of before being most, fore-and-aft veils or bermudiennes, with bar behind of the mizzen. When the axis of the rudder is in front of this mast, one speaks about Yawl.
  • Dundée : cutter with fixed rattletrap, veils fore-and-aft with arrows on the two masts, used for fishing in Brittany southern and the Vendée.
  • Senau : Particular Gréement, two gréés masts square sails and a mâtereau (mâtereau of senau or rod of senau) gréé fore-and-aft sail.
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