According to the definition of the work group on the Governorship of Internet, it is necessary to understand by “governorship of the Internet” the development and the application by the State S, the Private sector, and the Civil society, within the framework of their respective roles, of principles, Norme S, rules, procedures of catch of Décision S and common programs suitable to model the evolution and the Usage of Internet.
The regulations and the organization of the Gouvernance of Internet were the subject of various debates between Recipients of the Net, with different visions on the manner of facilitating free the Communication ideas and Connaissance.
Principal elements of the governorship of Internet
Attribution of the IP addresses
Historically, the attribution of the IP addresses was the manner of managing the accesses to the computer's resources.
Definition of the Domain names
See also: Domain Name System
The organization presented as the structure controlling the DNS is the company of Californian right to nonlucrative goal called Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, better known under the acronym ICANN.
It is on September 18th 1998 which the responsibility for allowance of the Domain names and IP addresses was transferred to the ICANN.
See:
- Icann, an example of original governorship or a case of law intelligence?
- VeriSign
Management of the access to the Computer's resources
Concretely, the management of the Access Internet to the traditional Computer's resources of the type file S or Databases was done with the addresses of the waiters and the work stations (number IP in the data-processing network).
Multiplication with large scales throughout the world of the electronic exchange S of Given S, the use of very diversified Computer's resources (Text, image, its…) several questions pose:
- the Rights of access with these resources compared to the Intellectual property,
- profits or the losses financial S likely to occur compared to the detention or not of the sensitive informations on the Know-how of the companies (immaterial Reputation, Active…),
- criteria of Search for information employed to reach the Computer's resources (Search engines…).
It proves that the organization of the Innovation in Communautés of practice made up of different organizations as in the Poles of competitiveness - which combine undertaken, Centres of study and research, and Université S - transcends the traditional borders of the companies.
The protection of the sensitive Given S, from the technical point of view, financial and legal, cannot be any more assured by the traditional processes Computer security.
The way in which many International organizations, especially in the United States, but also in Japan (photography), and to a lesser extent in the European Union, tackles this question, is to associate Métadonnée S with the numerical Ressources (electronic Documents, Texte S, Image S, its S…) in order to facilitate the access, but also to protect the royalties.
See also: Registers of metadata
On a world level
History
In 1979, the Internet Configuration Board Control was founded by DARPA to supervise the development of the network. In 1984, it was famous " the Internet Advisory Board " (Internet Architecture Board, IAB), and in 1986 it became the " Internet Activities Board ".
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) was formed in 1986 by the government of the United States to develop and promote the standards of the Internet. It was composed initially of researchers, but with the end of the year the participation was opened in new arrivals, and its activity was very largely carried by the development of the " e-mail".
Since the birth of the network, until its death in 1998, Jon Postel supervised the allowance of the addresses and other numbering and assignment of protocol Internet, in its function of director of division data-processing networks of the Information Sciences Institute of the the University of California of the South, under a contract of the American Département of Defense (DoD). This role was then known under the name Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and as it extended to include the management of the waiters root of all the Domain Name System, a small organization took form. Jon Postel was also used as editor as Request For Comments (RFC).
Organizations and responsibilities
The World summits of the company of information and governorship of Internet
Since 2003, the governorship of Internet is discussed with through the World summits of the company of information (SMSI).
A first top took place in Geneva in 2003, a second in Tunis in 2005. A third top in Athens in 2006 discussed more particularly of the governorship of the Internet.
Whereas the relative questions with the allowance of IP addresses and Domain names were largely tackled, it seems that the question of other questions such as cultural diversity, the intellectual property, etc relative were dodged.
Management of the languages
See also: Management of the languages
The management of the languages is part of the governorship of the Internet.
The language is indeed, in the reference frames of key words, one of the parameters which take part in the structuring of information in connection with Communautés of interest (see for example Dublin Core).
The Métadonnées condition the interworking between Computer's resources. They intervene in the Recherches of information by the Search engines and in the management of the rules trade.
On the level of the regional zones (continents)
Management by continent
The allowance of the IP addresses was delegated to four regional Registres of the Internet (RIR):
- American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) for the North America,
- Networks IP Europeans - Network Coordination Centers (SCRAPER NCC) for the Europe, the the Middle East and the Central Asia,
- Asia-Pacific Network Information Centers (APNIC) for the Asia and the area Pacifique
- Latin American and Caribbean Internet Addresses Registry (LACNIC) for the Latin America and the area of the the Caribbean.
In the European Union
See: Governorship of Internet in the European Union
See too
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