Governorship

Profile

The 24 current governorships are divided into 264 delegations (directed by delegates). Smallest administrative division is the sector or the Imada (directed by chiefs of sectors or omda) of which the number is of: 2073.

History

This system is set up by the Décret of the June 21st 1956. This last organizes the regional administration, from now on ensured by governors, general secretaries and delegates. The outline law, adopted consequently, removes the loads of:

38 Caïd S in exercise of which the Sheik El Médina of Tunis
49 kahias in exercise and 5 in excess
77 khalifas in exercise and 18 in excess

The body of the governors which takes over authority caïdales is selected among the executives of the Néo-Destour. The body makhzen, formed of the families which controlled the regional administration, is dismantled. Justifying the decision, the Prime Minister Habib Bourguiba declares, before the National council of Néo-Destour, the June 23rd 1956:

We have esteem necessary to purify these frameworks to ensure a co-operation based on the reciprocal respect between the State personified in its representatives and the people which must respect in them, either the agents of colonization, but the servants of the public interest. For the great majority of frameworks touched by purification, the blow was hard. Some suffer from it terribly. But we were in a inéluctable. need

14 governorships appeared with independence. 5 were created in 1974, inside the country, thus translating the political will of administrative devolution and socio-economic correction of the west of Tunisia. 3 governorships were set up thereafter at south-west (Kébili, Tozeur and Tataouine) while the Gouvernorat of Tunis was divided into 3 (Tunis, Ben Arous and Ariana). Lastly, into 2000, the Gouvernorat of Ariana is divided into 2 with the autonomisation of its southern part which constitutes the Gouvernorat of Manouba.

Administration

The governor, “agent” of the authority of the State, is personally responsible for the administration of the governorship. Beside these specific competences, he is also officer of Judicial police. Assisted by the regional administration, of the delegates, the chiefs of sectors (also judiciary police officers and officers of civil statue) and of a general secretary, it can delegate part of its capacities. However, this delegation is submitted to a limit in time and must be the subject of an approval of the Minister of Interior Department.

33 years after the decree of 1956, the decree of the March 24th 1989 authorizes the ministers to delegate a broader field of matter or competence specific to the governor. In same time, 3 advisory institutions are created to help the governors, deputy and chiefs of sectors to achieve their missions:

local council of development: it is composed of the presidents of municipalities or municipal districts included/understood in the delegation, of the presidents of the rural councils, the chiefs of sectors, the representatives of the services external of the administration and the public corporations included/understood in the delegation. It is chaired by the delegate.
rural council: it is created in the urban areas not-set up in communes (imadas). Its members are named for 3 years by the governor at a rate of a member for 1000 inhabitants (minimum of 5 members and maximum of 10).
district committee: it appears in the decree of the May 22nd 1992 but to date does not have legal base.

At the sides of the governor the District council is. Consultative body chaired by the governor, 1/3 of the members are elected, the different ones being indicated by the governor among the presidents of the rural councils, the deputies, the presidents of municipalities, etc It is charged to examine “all the questions interesting the governorship in the economic domains, social and cultural. ” It thus delivers its opinion on the programs and projects which the State plans to carry out in the governorship, adopts the budget of the governorship and the taxes perceived with the profit of the community and establishes cooperative relations with foreign authorities of regional level (after approval of the Minister of Interior Department).

Geographical distribution

References

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