Government Georges Clémenceau (1)

The 25 October 1906, Georges Clémenceau, then Minister of Interior Department and strong man of the Radical party, is called with the presidency of the Council by the President of the Republic Armand Fallières. It forms a government which will last nearly 3 years, a rather rare longevity under the IIIe République. This government will be confronted with one period hinge for the mode: it is a question of a side of ratifying the character Laïc of the Republic, and other, of facing the social movements which develop and take an increasingly radical turn.

Composition of the government

Rehandlings

The first Clemenceau government, October 25th 1906 - July 20th 1909

1906

  • Creation of the Ministry of Labor by Clemenceau. The station is entrusted to Rene Viviani and indicates a will of taking into account of the working condition , to which Clemenceau says " sensible". The Ministry of Labor will become a station impossible to circumvent in the future governments.

  • First applications of the law on the Weekly rest , voted under the preceding government directed by Ferdinand Sarrien.
  • the government starts a bill on the working retirements and country, which will be adopted only the April 5th 1910.
  • France has known its first surplus of the commercial Balance for 25 years, thanks to exports of Automobile S.
  • the government works for the reinforcement of the Franco-British alliance, sealed since the signature of the Harmony.
  • the November 20th, the inventories of the goods of the Clergé are completed, the law on the separation of the Church and the State between in force the December 11th 1906. The listener of nonciature of the the Vatican in Paris, considered as a " secret agent of the Siège" Saint; , is expelled. The Loi provided that the goods could be allotted to the Catholiques made up in association. The clergy was completely opposed to the principle of the constitution of associations. The January 2nd 1907, a law provides that the pertaining to worship buildings not claimed owing to lack of associations or contract between laic and religious authorities, are taken again by the State and the communes. The pope Pie X condemns this law; on the other hand, the January 30th, the episcopate states to accept this law but request of the guarantees for permanence and the " safety morale" religious service. The March 28th, a law comparing the pertaining to worship meetings to the public meetings is adopted, which regulates the conflict between the church and the state by guaranteeing the freedom of the worship. The April 10th 1908, the text of the law on the devolution of the goods of the clergy is voted, the churches become the property of the communes.

1907

  • the February 7th, the Minister for Finance Joseph Caillaux files in a bill of Income tax aiming at replacing the various existing taxes (land tax, Impôt on the doors and windows, Property tax, Patente, Contribution on the incomes of the transferable securities). The tax would be of 3% on the labor incomes, 3,5% on the profit-sharing incomes and of 4% on the capital incomes. A graduated income is planned for the incomes of more than 5.000 francs. Initially, the project will not succeed, but it will be used as a basis for the reform of the direct taxation installation of 1914 at 1917.

  • Turbid with the Morocco: the March 19th, Doctor Mauchamps, director of the dispensary of Marrakech, is assassinated. The the Council of Ministers decides to send a military forwarding. March 29th Lyautey occupies Oujda. The July 30th 1907, close to Casablanca, the passage of the railroad in a Moslem cemetery causes a riot, 8 Europeans will be killed including 5 French. Supported by the Spain, the France decides to send reinforcements without penetrating inside the Morocco. When the Drude general unloads with his troops, it undergoes an attack. In reprisals, the August 6th, two warships bombard Casablanca. Moulay Hafid proclaims Sultan with Marrakech. The Germany protests against the French initiatives. The 12 and November 13rd 1907, the Foreign Minister, challenged, is defended to want to institute a Protectorat. The January 15th 1908, a battle with place close to Settat, the French troops must beat a retreat. The February 12th, they occupy Settat. The March 9th, the general of Amade which replaced sick Drude, is victorious tribes of the area of Mdakra and Hafidiens. Six days afterwards, " the matin" reveal that a Moroccan camp disarmed was massacred by the French troops, which will be proven. The room grants its confidence to the government and addresses its congratulations to the officers and to soldiers of Africa. End May 1908, the German chancellery wishes to see the convention of Algeciras respected. The June 18th the Sultan Abd el-Aziz, combined France, is overcome by Moulay Hafid close to Marrakech, this last is proclaimed sultan in all the cities of Morocco. The September 12th, it will accept the act of Algésiras. The 14, France and Spain agree on the conditions of recognition of Moulay Hafid. The October 27th, Germany and the Austria-Hungary accept these conditions.
  • on April 1st 1907, the Vigneron S of midday hold of the meetings to denounce the price-cutting of the Vin. In June, the movement of the vine growers takes an insurrectionary turning. 500.000 demonstrators with Montpellier. Brawls burst the following day with Narbonne. Two leaders appear, a small holder, Marcellin Albert, and the Maire Socialiste of Narbonne, the doctor Ernest Ferroul, who resigns the June 10th, starting a municipal strike followed by hundreds of communes of the Herault, Aude and the Eastern Pyrenees. Clemenceau fears an administrative paralysis. The June 17th, the government engages of the continuations against the leaders. Doctor Ferroul is stopped after having made raise the Drapeau Noir on the Mairie. The 20,6 demonstrators are killed. The Prefecture of Perpignan and the Sous-préfecture of Narbonne are burnt. The 21, with Béziers, the soldiers of 17th, composed of natives of the area, refuses to shoot at the demonstrators. They will be sent to Gafsa in Tunisia. The June 29th, the law prohibiting chaptalization is voted. Chaptalization consists in adding sugar at the time of fermentation, which increases the alcoholic strength and thus makes it possible to add water, which would be at the origin of the overproduction (more recently, of the assistances granted to the vine growing were based in particular on the alcoholic strength, which involved a recrudescence of the frauds by chaptalization). Agitation will be calmed little by little and of the withdrawals of case will be decided for the leaders.
  • the August 11th, with the congress of SFIO, Jean Jaurès defends motion inviting all the Prolétaire S and the Socialistes to be opposed to the Guerre by all the means. This resolution will be at the origin of conflicts between the radical and the Socialistes.

1908

  • the January 4th 1908, the death of the Minister for justice Guyot Dessaigne causes a cabinet reshuffle.

  • the May 2nd 1908 begins the Grève from the carriers from Draveil, Villeneuve Saint Georges and Villeneuve the king. The claims are an increase in Salaire of 20 centimes of the hour and the suppression of the work to the task. The strikers organize hunting for the " renards" (one would say to the " jaunes" today). Beginning June, of serious incidents take place, 2 Ouvrier S are killed by the police force and 8 others are wounded. Beginning August, the federation of the building launches a call to the General strike and organizes demonstrations with Vigneux. The demonstrators run up violently against the 5 regiments of Cavalerie. The August 4th, the strikers accept the employers' proposals, 5 centimes of increase and the 10 hours day. The leaders of the CGT who had been stopped are slackened. One will discover into 1911 that Clemenceau had infiltrated provocative agents at the origin of violence. In March 1909, strikes touch the post-office employees which, being Fonctionnaire S, do not have the Right to strike, under the terms of the principle of continuity of the State. Sabotages are made, of the agents are revoked. The May 11th, the post-office employees vote the General strike, 228 revocation are pronounced by the government. Jaurès and Clemenceau, two large speakers, clashes during a tournament with the room about the right to strike of the civils servant. Clemenceau is favorable to a statute of the public office, but remains hostile with the right to strike. The President of the council is supported by the room (454 votes for and 69 against). The right to strike will be recognized to the civils servant only after the Second world war by the Council of State.
  • the April 10th 1908, vote of the law Ribot on the Cheap Dwellings (HBM., ancestors of HLM). It aims at fixing the rural populations by helping them to reach the Propriété of their house and the ground. With this intention, the regional companies of real estate credit are created. They offer Prêt S witha rate of 2% either to the private individuals, or at the companies of HBM. The law also institutes Public Offices of HBM and Real estate credits.
  • the June 4th, ashes of Emile Zola, which had worked for the rehabilitation of Dreyfus at the sides, inter alia, of Clemenceau and Jaurès, are transferred to the the Pantheon.
  • From the March 21st 1908, the French Action appears daily, preaching the Nationalisme, propagating the idea of revenge on the Germany, fustigating the Juifs, the Métèques and the freemasons. In November, the young militants of the French Action found action groups gathered in the National federation of the Camelots of the King. They run up against the students of left to the Latin Quarter of Paris.

1909

  • In February 1909, the female Syndicalisme develops. One finds the Foundation of the French Union of female trade unions (catholic), the Central Union of the female trade unions, the Trade union of the Employees Commercial and the Industry (SECI), which will be at the origin of CFTC.

  • the Compagnie of the state railways repurchases the Compagnie of the railroads of the West.
  • the July 12th 1909, Leon Jouhaux becomes general secretary of the CGT. The same day, the law on the imperceptible family estate is voted. This law aims at supporting a Agriculture mined by the debt Paysan and the parcelling out of the exploitations. It relates for each hearth to a house and its grounds, if their value is lower than 8.000 francs: the insaisissability in is then absolute, but it becomes impossible to mortgage it.
  • Since a few months, the marine military meeting of the problems. An explosion of a gun on the cruiser Latouche-Tréville (13 dead) causes the resignation of the Minister for the navy and the loss of three ships (Iéna, Algésiras, Couronne). Theophilus Delcassé, which presented the report/ratio, and Clemenceau clashes. Clemenceau is put in minority, it resigns. The President of the Republic Armand Fallières names Aristide Briand to succeed to him the presidency of the Council.

See too

  • Historical of the governments of France

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