Gottfried van Swieten
The baron Gottfried van Swieten (1733 - March 29th 1803) was small a Aristocrate of monarchy Habsbourg eoise during the 18th century. He is known today for his friendship and his collaboration with several large Compositeur S of the traditional period , of which Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven.
Career
Van Swieten was Dutch and passed most of its childhood to the Netherlands. His/her father, Gerald van Swieten, was a doctor who had reached a high fame to have raised the standards of the scientific research and instruction in the field of medicine. In 1745, van Swieten father became the personal doctor of the Austrian empress Marie Therese, and settled with its family with Vienna. The young person van Swieten there was educated for national service in a school of elite Jésuite and had, after a short passage in the civil society, two careers:- initially as diplomat for Austria - van Swieten in station with Brussels (1755-1757), Paris (1760-1763), Warsaw (1763-1764)
- and finally as ambassador with Berlin (1770-1777) - then, returned in Vienna and for the remainder of its life, as prefect of the imperial Bookstore.
Van Swieten was a keen amateur of music and it composed number of operas and of Symphonie S. Those are not considered of high-quality and are seldom even never interpreted today.
Its influence on the traditional type-setters
Mozart
Van Swieten familiarized Mozart with works of J.S. Bach and of Haendel, dividing (about 1782-1783) the manuscripts which it had collected during his long stay in Berlin. This process proceeded with the regular musical gatherings of Sunday in the living rooms of van Swieten to the imperial Bookstore. The experiment to meet the large type-setters of the period baroque had a deep effect on Mozart and influenced his later compositions largely.At the end of the years 1780, van Swieten organized the Gesellschaft der Associerten (Company of Associated), an organization of noble music lovers. With the financial contribution of this group, van Swieten was able to further continue the interest in the Baroque music which it had shared with Mozart. The Gesellschaft commissioned Mozart to prepare 4 works of Haendel for an interpretation in agreement with the contemporary taste. Of these commissions, most famous today is the edition of Mozart of the Oratorio the Messiah of Haendel, who includes new parts for flutes, clarinets, bassoons, horns, and trombones, just as more notes for the drinking cups. The edition of Mozart was represented under the auspices of the Gesellschaft in 1789.
When Mozart died in 1791, van Swieten tried (in vain) to organize a suitable burial for him. It also helped carefully the two young children of Mozart during the difficult period after the death of Mozart when Constance tried to ensure the financial stability of its family.
Haydn
Van Swieten was a collaborator close relation of Haydn on both oratorios Creation (1798) and the Seasons (1801). It translated the source text (John Milton and of James Thomson, respectively) of English into German, and also provides (often awkwardly) new translations in English to adjust the rate/rhythm of the music of Haydn (2 works were published for the first time in bilingual editions).Like patron of Haydn, van Swieten made also several suggestions specific to Haydn on the way in which various passages in the libretto could be laid out musicalement. Haydn followed some of these suggestions. One for example is the episode of the change in the Creation in which God called to the animals lately created to bear fruit and to multiply. The paraphrase of the Genèse of van Swieten is read:
-
Seid fruchtbar ale,
- Bewohner der Luft, vermehret euch, und singt auf jedem Aste!
- Und füllet jede Tiefe!
- Erfreuet euch in eurem Gott!
-
- And you multiply Bear fruit.
- Inhabitants of the airs, you multiply and sing on each branch.
- you Multiply, the inhabitants of the marshes,
- And fill each bottom.
- , you,
- multiply grow Bear fruit And delight you in your God!
- And you multiply Bear fruit.
The first of Creation and the Saisons took place under the auspices of the Gesellschaft der Associerten , which provides also the financial guarantees necessary to Haydn to undertake these long-term plans.
Beethoven
Van Swieten was one of the aristocrats Viennese whose financial support made possible the progression of the beginning of career of Beethoven. It is possible that the patronage of van Swieten for Beethoven did not emerge just because of the talent of the young man, but also because during his beginning of career it often interpreted preludes and runnings away of the quite moderate Clavier of Bach, a work that Beethoven knew very well, in the living rooms of Vienna.The First symphony of the type-setter is dedicated to van Swieten.
Other associations
Earlier in its career, then with Berlin, van Swieten had also supported the career of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach and had commissioned 6 symphonies of him. One of most famous works of C.P.E. Bach, the third whole of the Sonaten für Kenner und Liebhaber , is dedicated to van Swieten.Johann Nikolaus Forkel, the first biographer of Bach, dedicated his book to van Swieten.
References
Hughes, Rosemary, Haydn , London, Tooth, 1970.
External bonds
- Portrait of Gottfried van Swieten
- Notes on the version of Mozart of the '' Messie '' of Handel, by the Chamber orchestra of Los Angeles
- Notes on interpretation in Proms 2006 of the version of Mozart of L ''' Alexander' S Feast '' of Handel, by the English Concert written by the leader Andrew Manze
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