Gold medal of Royal Astronomical Society
The gold medal is the most prestigious reward given by the Royal Astronomical Society British, since 1824.
History
At the beginning, it often happened that several medals are decreed the same year, but starting from 1833 it was decided to deliver only one of them per annum. This created a problem in 1846 after the discovery of Neptune, because much thought that a reward should be given at the same time to John Couch Adams and Urbain the Glassmaker. A controversy followed, and no medal was given in 1847.
To solve the controversy, twelve medals of “regard” were given in 1848, in particular with Adams and the Glassmaker, and the rate/rhythm of a medal per annum took again starting from 1849. Adams and the Glassmaker accepted their reward only in 1866 and 1868, respectively.
With share two exceptions in 1867 and 1886 where two medals were decreed, and a few years when there of be at all, this rate/rhythm continued until in 1963. Since 1964 two medals are given every year, one in the field of the Astronomie and the other that of the Géophysique.
Prizes winner
1824
- 1824 Charles Babbage, Johann Franz Encke
- 1826 John Herschel, James South, Wilhelm Struve
- 1827 Francis Baily
- 1828 Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane, James Dunlop, Caroline Herschel
- 1829 William Pearson, Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, Heinrich Christian Schumacher
- 1830 William Richardson, Johann Franz Encke
- 1831 Captain Henry Kater, Baron Marie-Charles Damoiseau
- 1833 George Biddell Airy
- 1835 Manuel Johnson
- 1836 John Herschel
- 1837 Otto August Rosenberger
- 1839 John Wrottesley
- 1840 Giovanni Planed
- 1841 Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
- 1842 Peter Andreas Hansen
- 1843 Francis Baily
- 1845 Capitaine William Henry Smyth
- 1846 George Biddell Airy
- 1849 William Lassell
1850
- 1850 Otto Wilhelm von Struve
- 1851 Annibale de Gasparis
- 1852 Christian August Friedrich Peters
- 1853 John Russell Hind
- 1854 Charles Rümker
- 1855 William Rutter Dawes
- 1856 Robert Grant
- 1857 Heinrich Schwabe
- 1858 Robert Hand
- 1859 Richard Christopher Carrington
- 1860 Peter Andreas Hansen
- 1861 Hermann Mayer Solomon Goldschmidt
- 1862 Warren of the Street
- 1863 Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander
- 1865 George Philips Jump
- 1866 John Couch Adams
- 1867 William Huggins, William Allen Miller
- 1868 Urbain the Glassmaker
- 1869 Edward James Stone
- 1870 Charles-Eugene Delaunay
- 1872 Giovanni Schiaparelli
- 1874 Simon Newcomb
- 1875 Heinrich Louis d' Arrest
- 1876 Urbain The Glassmaker
- 1878 Baron Ercole Dembowski
- 1879 Asaph Hall
- 1881 Axel Möller
- 1882 David Gill
- 1883 Benjamin Apthorp Gould
- 1884 Andrew Ainslie Common
- 1885 William Huggins
- 1886 Edward Charles Pickering, Charles Pritchard
- 1887 George William Hill
- 1888 Arthur Auwers
- 1889 Maurice Lœwy
- 1892 George Howard Darwin
- 1893 Hermann Carl Vogel
- 1894 Sherburne Wesley Burnham
- 1895 Isaac Roberts
- 1896 Seth Carlo Chandler
- 1897 Edward Emerson Barnard
- 1898 William Frederick Denning
- 1899 Frank McClean
1900
- 1900 Henri Poincaré
- 1901 Edward Charles Pickering
- 1902 Jacobus Kapteyn
- 1903 Hermann Struve
- 1904 George Ellery Hauls
- 1905 Lewis Boss
- 1906 William Wallace Campbell
- 1907 Ernest William Brown
- 1908 Sir David Gill
- 1909 Oskar Backlund
- 1910 Friedrich Küstner
- 1911 Philip Herbert Cowell
- 1912 Arthur Robert Hinks
- 1913 Henri-Alexandre Deslandres
- 1914 max Wolf
- 1915 Alfred Fowler
- 1916 John L.E. Dreyer
- 1917 Walter Sydney Adams
- 1918 John Evershed
- 1919 Guillaume Bigourdan
- 1921 Henry Norris Russell
- 1922 James Hopwood Jean
- 1923 Albert A. Michelson
- 1924 Arthur Eddington
- 1925 Sir Frank Watson Dyson
- 1926 Albert Einstein
- 1927 Frank Schlesinger
- 1928 Ralph Allen Sampson
- 1929 Ejnar Hertzsprung
- 1930 John Stanley Plaskett
- 1931 Willem de Sitter
- 1932 Robert Grant Aitken
- 1933 Vesto Slipher
- 1934 Harlow Shapley
- 1935 E. Arthur Milne
- 1936 Hisashi Kimura
- 1937 Harold Jeffreys
- 1938 William Hammond Wright
- 1939 Bernard Lyot
- 1940 Edwin Hubble
- 1943 Harold Spencer Jones
- 1944 Otto Struve
- 1945 Bengt Edlen
- 1946 Jan Oort
- 1947 Marcel Minnaert
- 1948 Bertil Lindblad
- 1949 Sydney Chapman
1950
- 1950 Joel Stebbins
- 1951 Anton Pannekoek
- 1952 John Jackson
- 1953 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
- 1954 Walter Baade
- 1955 Dirk Brouwer
- 1956 Thomas George Cowling
- 1957 Albrecht Unsöld
- 1958 Andre Danjon
- 1959 Raymond Arthur Lyttleton
- 1960 Viktor Ambartsumian
- 1961 Hermann Zanstra
- 1962 Bengt Strömgren
- 1963 H.H. Plaskett
- 1964 Martin Ryle, Maurice Ewing
- 1965 Edward Bullard, Gerald Mr. Clemence
- 1966 Will go S. Bowen, Harold Clayton Urey
- 1967 Hannes Alfven, Allan Sandage
- 1968 Sir Fred Hoyle, Walter Munk
- 1969 A.T. Price, Martin Schwarzschild
- 1970 Horace W. Babcock
- 1971 F. Near, Sir Richard van der Riet Woolley
- 1972 H.I.S. Thirlaway, Fritz Zwicky
- 1973 F. Birch, Edwin Salpeter
- 1974 Ludwig Biermann, K.E. Bullen
- 1975 Jesse Greenstein, Ernst Öpik
- 1976 William H. McCrea, J.A. Ratcliffe
- 1977 D.R. Bates, John G. Bolton
- 1978 Lyman Spitzer, James Alfred Van Allen
- 1979 L. Knopoff, C.G. Wynne
- 1980 C.L. Pekeris, Maarten Schmidt
- 1981 J.F. Gilbert, Sir Bernard Lovell
- 1982 Riccardo Giacconi, Sir Harrie Massey
- 1983 Mr. J. Seaton, Fred Lawrence Whipple
- 1984 S.K. Runcorn, Yakov Borisovich Zel' dovich
- 1985 Thomas Gold, Stephen Hawking
- 1986 G.E. Backus, A. Dalgarno
- 1987 Takesi Nagata, Martin Rees
- 1988 D.L. Anderson, C. of Jager
- 1989 R. Hide, K.A. Pounds
- 1990 J.W. Dungey, B.E.J. Pagel
- 1991 Vitaly Ginzburg, G.J. Wasserburg
- 1992 D.P. McKenzie, Eugene NR. Parker
- 1993 Peter Goldreich, Lynden-Beautiful Donald
- 1994 James E. Gunn, T.R. Kaiser
- 1995 J. Houghton, Rashid Sunyaev
- 1996 K. To create, Vera Rubin
- 1997 D. Farley, Donald Osterbrock
- 1998 R.L. Parker, James Peebles
- 1999 K. Budden, Bohdan Paczynski
2000
- 2000 L. Lucy, R. Hutchinson
- 2001 Hermann Leaped, H. Rishbeth
- 2002 Leon Mestel, J.A. Jacobs
- 2003 John Bahcall, D. Gubbins
- 2004 Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Grenville Turner
- 2005 Margaret Burbidge, Geoffrey Burbidge, Carole Jordan
- 2006 Simon White, S.W.H. Cowley
- 2007 J.L. Culhane, Nigel O. Weiss
Money medals
On two occasions, money medals were also decreed, but this idea was quickly thereafter abandoned.-
1824 Charles Rümker, Jean-Louis Pons
- 1827 William Samuel Stratford, coll Mark Beaufoy
Medals of “regard” of 1848
- John Couch Adams
- Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander
- George Bishop
- Lt-Collar. George Everest
- Sir John Herschel
- Peter Andreas Hansen
- Karl Ludwig Hencke
- John Russell Hind
- Urbain the Glassmaker
- Sir John William Lubbock
- Maxmilian Weisse
External bonds
- List of the recipients
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