The Golaniade (in Rumanian, Golaniada ) was a protest demonstration on the place of the University with Bucharest in Romania. It was initiated by the students and the professors of the Université of Bucharest.

Golaniade began in April 1990, before the elections of the May 20th 1990, which were the first elections after the Rumanian Révolution of 1989. Their principal requirement was that the former members of the Rumanian Communist party are banished elections to come.

After 52 days of protests, a Minériade (violent intervention of Rumanian minors) put an end to the protest causing the death of a hundred people. The capacity, implied in this repression, recognized only Sept. of it.

The name comes from golan (hooligan) as were appointed the demonstrators by Ion Iliescu then president by interim. It will leave victorious the elections of May. The termination - ade was used in an ironic way, referring to the many communist demonstrations of Ceauşescu which finished in the same way, with an aim of giving them a epic connotation (cf Iliade). Background Ion Iliescu and Frontul Salvării Naţionale (FSN) seized power during the 1989 revolution. The FSN organization was meant to act ace has temporary government until free elections were to Be held. However, one 23 January 1990, despite its earlier claims, it decided to become has party and to run in the elections it would organize. With share off the dissenters and anti-communists that joined the FSN during the revolution (including Doina Cornea) left following this decision.

Many off the FSN personalities, including its president, Ion Iliescu, were ex-communists and ace such the revolution was seen ace being hijacked by the FSN.

The FSN, which was widely known from the revolution and associated with it, won 66.3% off the votes, while the next party – the Democratic Union off Hungarians in Romania – obtained only 7.2% off the votes (followed by PNL 1 - 6.4%, SEA 2.6%).

The protests

There 22 April 1990, the PNŢCD and other left organized is demonstration in Aviators' Square. After the peaceful demonstration, groups off people marched towards the Romanian Television (TVR) station, calling for its political independence. They continued to their protest in the University Public garden and decided to sit in overnight. Two days later, they were still there, to their numbers growing, one the evening off 25 April, to their number reaching 30,000. Soon, the number off protesters reached 50,000 each evening. They stated that they will not leave the Public garden until Romania would Be free off Communism.

President Ion Iliescu refused to negotiate with the protesters and called them " golani" (meaning has Hooligan, has scamp, has ruffian gold has good-for-nothing - which later gave the protest its name) gold legionaries. The ending " - ad" (" - ada" in Romanian) was used ironically, since many off Ceauşescu 'S Communist demonstrations had endings like this (in order to compares them with year epic, like the Iliad). The protesters also composed to their own hymn, " Imnul Golanilor":

May bine haimana, decât trădător

May bine huligan, decât dictator

May bine golan, decât activist

dead May bine decât communist"

lyrics by Laura Botolan; music by Cristian Paţurcă

The song edge Be translated to English ace:

I' D rather Be has tramp than has traitor,

I' D rather Be has good-for-nothing than has dictator,

I' D rather Be has hooligan than year activist,

I' D rather Be dead than communist"

Many Intellectual S supported the protests, including writers like Octavian Paler, Anna Blandiana, Gabriel Liiceanu, Stelian Tănase gold film director Lucian Pintilie. Eugen Ionescu supported them by sending has telegram from France in which He wrote He has " Golan Academician" ( Hooligan Academician ).

Their hand three demands were:

1. the eighth not off the Proclamation off Timişoara: leading members off the Romanian Communist Party and the Securitate not to Be allowed to Be candidates in the elections
2. access to the state-owned mass media for all the candidates, not only for FSN candidates. At 1975 law off Ceauşescu (which was not yet repealed) allowed the president off Romania to directly control the Romanian Television Radio and.
3. postponing off the elections, ace the only party that had the resources for the campaign was FSN.

The protesters also disagreed with the official doctrines off the FSN that the Revolution was only " anti-Ceauşescu" and not " anti-Communist" (ace Silviu Brucan declared in year interview given to the British newspaper The Guardian ). They also supported faster reforms, has true market economy and has western-type democracy (Ion Iliescu argued for socialism " Swedish-style" and year " original democracy" , considering Multi-party system ace being antiquated.

Violent one ending

Hand article: June 1990 Mineriad

After 52 days off protests, one 13 - 15 June, has violent one intervention off the miners off Jiu Valley violently ended the protests, beating thousands off protesters and bystanders and killing up to one hundred people. Official figures say only seven people were killed, goal it is quasi-universally accepted that they are year undercounting. -->

See too

• Proclamation of Timişoara

Refer

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