The plate of the Golan , sometimes called Gaulanitide , is a Syrian area occupied by Israel, conquered following the Guerre the Six Day old. The annexation of this area in the bosom of the Hebrew State took place on December 14th 1981 (an act condemned by the Safety advice of the the United Nations), and forever recognized by the international community.

Geography

From the natural point of view, Golan is a continuity of the chains of the Mont Hermon. It is located in the Northern part of the course of the the Jordan between the slopes of the Mont Hermon and the river of Yarmouk (Heromax according to the Latin books). It was considered by the richness of its ground, its pastures. The Greek and Arab geographers had spoken about its strategic importance.

History

Antiquity

According to the Bible, Golan belongs to the ground of Israel promised by God with the Hebrew . At the time of Brace ( Moshe ), he was inhabited by Emorrites. Golan was then given to the tribe of Manassé ( Menashe ). Thereafter, the possession of the plate alternated with the wire of the wars between the Israélites and the Araméens of Damas. Golan and its capital Gamla play a central role in the Guerre of the Jews , of Flavius Josèphe. It gives its name to a chief of the revolt against the Romans, Judas Galiléen says also Gaulanite.

Ottoman Empire

At the end of the XIXe century, the Ottoman Empire installs on the plate of Golan of the families of Circassien S, a term indicating at the time of the Moslem refugees of various ethnos groups (Tcherkesse S, Adygué S, Abaza S, even Daguestanis and Kumyk S, except the Tchétchène S, considered as a distinct group) of the the Caucasus conquered by the Russian Empire, with an aim of making an Arab, restive advanced station of it to control the Bedouin S with any authority. These families found the town of Quneitra, as of others will found that of Amman. At the time, the area is also populated of Druze S, with some villages of other communities, of which Alaouite S.

French mandate

At the end of the years 1930, some Circassiens cherished the idea to establish in Golan a national hearth circassien (following the example Jewish Foyer national announced in the declaration Balfour), others choose the camp of the Syrian Arabic nationalists who ask for the end of the French mandate and of the territorial divisions introduced by this one. The dream of a State or an autonomous entity on the heights of the plate will never be concretized, with the profit of an area within the territory of the Syria.

Republic of Syria

The Syria invaded the Galileo in 1948 in order to prevent the creation of the State of Israel. After push backbeing pushed back by the Hagana, the Syrian troops were confined on Golan. Between 1948 and 1967, the plate was used as a basis for the regular bombardments and the infiltrations of Guerilla against the Israeli villages located downwards. At the time of the six day old war and the pressure of the farmers of Galileo, Israel conquered the whole of Golan in two days of combat. At the time of the War of Kippour of 1973, the Syrian army manages to reconquer approximately 60% of Golan before moving back in front of the Israeli army which managed to make a push in direction of Damas on about thirty kilometers in Syrian territory. At the time of these engagements, many Arab countries sent soldiers (Morocco, Jordan, Kuwait). The Syria always required a withdrawal of the Israeli army on its positions of June 4th 1967 whereas Israel always put forward the line of border of 1923, defined by the France and the the United Kingdom, powers agents with the Raising. The question of total sovereignty about Golan has marked for several decades a major condition with the peace process, for Damas.

Israel

Another more detailed chart of the area

The area of Golan, whose annexation in 1981 is not recognized by the international community, forms with the eyes of the Hebrew State a sixth area, but it remains with the eyes of the international community a Syrian territory to restore. The latter presents several strategic assets. On the military level, it a long time constituted a geographical advantage on the positions occupied by the Syrian army. However, today, it is especially the question of the water which is in the middle of the Israeli and regional political diary. Part of the affluents of the the Jordan finds there its source and 35% of the aquiferous food of the country come from this area. It is advisable to quote that a third of the Israeli viticultural production comes from this area. The population of the plate is approximately 35.000 people, for half of the Juifs and half of the Druzes. After his election, the Prime Minister Ehud Barak forced a moratorium on the development of the Israeli establishments in Golan in order to facilitate the peace negotiations with the Syria, under the auspices of the US president Bill Clinton. Following the failure of the talks, this decision was raised on April 13rd 2000 and in February 2001, the government of Ariel Sharon announced the resumption of the development structural of the area.

In June 2007, Syrian president Bachar El Assad has states capacity accepts a Jewish presence on Golan. This declaration was interpretee by the opponents has a possible disengagement of Golan as an acceptance owing to the fact that this area was in its history twice longer Israeli than Syrian and than so Israel should not withdraw itself there.

Nation-plain

Since 1974, the Force of the United Nations charged d´observer the release is charged to check the demilitarization of the zone.

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