Goharshad

Goharshād (Persan: گوهرشاد, meaning " jewel of joie" or " jewel brillant" ; also: Gowharshād ), born towards 1378 and died in 1457), was a woman of the nobility Persian and marries it preferred Shah Rukh, emperor of the dynasty timouride installed with Hérat.

It was the girl of Giāth ud-DIN Tarkhān, noble influential under the reign of Tamerlan. According to the traditions of the family, the title of Tarkhān was granted personally by Genghis Khan to one their ancestors who had saved the life to him. It was the mother of the prince-astronomer Ulugh Beg of Samarkand and of the prince bibliophile Baysunghur I {{er}}, assistant of its father with Hérat.

With his/her brothers who were administrators at the court timouride of Hérat, Goharshad played a very important part at the beginning of the history of Timourides. In 1405, it moved the capital timouride Samarkand with Hérat.

Under its protection, the language and the culture Persians took a paramount place in the dyanstie of Timourides. It and her husband launched a cultural rebirth, the Renaissance timouride thanks to their prodigal support for arts, attracting at their court of the artists, architects, philosophers and poets recognized today among most famous in the world, including the poet Djami. Many exquisite examples of architecture timouride survived so far Hérat.

After the death of her husband in 1447, Goharshad operated to put on the throne its preferred grandson, Abd Allah also called Ala ud-Dawla (Arab: rise in the State), wire of Baysunghur, which reigned only of 1450 with 1451. Old of almost 80 years, and always set on political intrigues, it was carried out at the summer 1457 on the order of Abu Saïd.

According to the legend, Goharshād once inspected a Mosquée and a religious school (Médersa) with Hérat accompanied by two hundred following, after this one had been emptied of its students, all of the boys. An young man had remained, being deadened in his cell, and was discovered by following which allured it. When Goharshād discovered that, she ordered that two the hundred following ones marry the students. This legend illustrates the Moslem tradition liberal in Afghanistan several centuries ago, symbolized by Goharshād.

The tomb of Goharshād is located close to the Médersa which it had made build, whose minaret exists still to date (, in English)

A female university of open Kabul in 2003 bears the name of Goharshād (, in English)

Goharshād made build in 1418 a mosque (Mosquée Goharshad) with Mashhad, with the Khorasan-e-razavi. His/her sister, Gohar-Tāj , also have her tomb in Khorasan-e-razavi.

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