Glutamine

The glutamine is one of the 20 amino-acid of the genetic Code. Its side chain is a Amide; one obtains it by replacing the side chain Hydroxyle of the Glutamic acid by a amine. This makes an Amino-acid of it polar noncharged and Hydrophile.

Genetically speaking, the glutamine is coded by the Codon S of ARN CAA and CAG . Its abbreviation in three letters is Gln , its abbreviation in a letter is Q .

Biochemistry

Just like the other amino-acids, the glutamine plays an important biochemical part as a component of the Protéine S. It is also a crucial factor of the metabolisation of nitrogen: the Ammoniac formed by the fixing of the nitrogen is comparable in organic compound by the conversion of the glutamic acid into glutamine. The Enzyme which allows this conversion calls the Glutamine synthetase. Moreover, the glutamine can be used as nitrogen donor in biosyntheses of many compounds, including other amino-acids, the Purine S and the Pyrimidine S.

Nutrition

Since it can be synthesized starting from the glutamic acid, the glutamine is not an Amino-acid essence.

The glutamine is used like supplement in the food of assiduous as musculation, like like treatment of muscular cramps in the elderly. It allows inter alia a better recovery at the time of effort important physiques (sports of force, etc.) and takes part in the rebuilding of damaged muscular fabric. She also prevents the syndrome of the Surentraînement.

At present, of the studies are always carried out on the potential fatal consequences of an excessive absorption of glutamine, always without convincing results. However its consumption is supposed to be healthy because it can be used to fill the reserves of amino-acids that a meeting of physical exercise could have emptied. This is why it is often prescribed with the people making a fast, or suffering of a physical traumatism, an immune system weakening or a cancer.

Moreover, certain recent studies were carried out for better knowing the effects and the properties of the glutamine, and those reveal a bond between a food rich in glutamine and effects benic on the intestines. The glutamine would in particular make it possible to improve maintenance of the functions of the intestinal Paroi, the proliferation of the intestinal Flora, as well as the cellular Différenciation and a reduction of the infections. It would seem that these properties are due to the fact that the speed of extraction of the glutamine is higher than that of the other amino-acids, and thus the best choice for the improvement of the conditions of the intestinal transit time.

These results were discovered after comparison of the concentration in plasma of the intestines between modes rich and low in glutamine.

Moreover, the glutamine is famous for its various effects on acceleration of the cure after an surgical operation. Times of convalescence after an operation of abdominal surgery are reduced if one nourishes the patient by intravenous with mixtures containing of the glutamine. The tests in private clinic seem to have shown that the patients subjected to this kind of mode, compared with those which did not have a glutamine, have in particular a better balance out of nitrogen, an improvement of the generation of the cysteinyl- Leucotriène S by the Granulocyte S, an improvement of the restoration of the Leucocyte S and intestinal permeability, the whole without apparent Side effects.

External bond

  • Possible harmful effects off glutamine

  • http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/chemistry/bio/aminoacid/glutamin_en.html

References

  1. Boza J.J., Dangin Mr., Moennoz D., Montigon F., Vuichoud J., Bulge A., Pouteau E., Gremaud G., Oguey-Araymon S., Courteous D., Woupeyi A., Finot P.A. and Ballevre O. Free and protein-bound glutamine cuts identical splanchnic extraction in healthy human volunteers. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2001 Jul; 281 (1): G267-74. PMID 11408280 Free text

  2. McAnena O.J., Moore F.A., Moore E.E., Jones T.N and Parsons P. Selective uptake off glutamine in the gastrointestinal leaflet: confirmation in has human study. Br J Surg. 1991 Apr; 78 (4): 480-2. PMID 1903318
  3. Morlion B.J., Stehle P., Wachtler P., Siedhoff H.P., Koller Mr., Konig W., Furst P., Puchstein C. Total parenteral nutrition with glutamine dipeptide after abdominal major surgery. Ann Surg. 1998 Feb; 227 (2): 302-8. PMID 9488531
  4. Jiang Z.M., CAD J.D., Zhu X.G., Zhao W.X., Yu J.C., My E.L., Wang X.R., Zhu M.W., Shu H., Liu Y.W. The impact off alanyl-glutamine one clinical safety, nitrogen balances, intestinal permeability, and clinical outcome in postoperative patients: has randomized, double-blind, controlled study off 120 patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. Sep-Oct. 1999; 23 (5 Suppl): S62-6. PMID 10483898

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